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. 2020 Jan 27;2020:8493707. doi: 10.1155/2020/8493707

Table 1.

Characteristics of patients in the training and validation groups.

Characteristic Training group (n = 4,837) Validation group (n = 2,419)
Nonmetastasis (n = 4,009) Metastasis (n = 828) p Nonmetastasis (n = 1,996) Metastasis (n = 423) p
Gender <0.001 <0.001
 Female 1,965 (49.01%) 342 (41.30%) 979 (49.05%) 166 (39.24%)
 Male 2,044 (50.99%) 486 (58.70%) 1,017 (50.95%) 257 (60.76%)
Age (years) 0.322 0.919
 ≤40 227 (5.66%) 57 (6.88%) 125 (6.26%) 27 (6.38%)
 41-55 870 (21.70%) 196 (23.67%) 431 (21.59%) 89 (21.04%)
 56-70 1,584 (39.51%) 292 (35.27%) 754 (37.78%) 165 (39.01%)
 >70 1,328 (33.13%) 283 (34.18%) 686 (34.37%) 142 (33.57%)
Race 0.057 0.475
 White 2,701 (67.37%) 586 (70.77%) 1,373 (68.79%) 290 (68.56%)
 Black 751 (18.73%) 141 (17.03%) 345 (17.28%) 85 (20.09%)
 Others 526 (13.12%) 97 (11.71%) 264 (13.23%) 47 (11.11%)
 NOS 31 (0.77%) 4 (0.48%) 14 (0.70%) 1 (0.24%)
Insurance <0.001 0.312
 Yes 3,107 (77.50%) 586 (70.77%) 1,533 (76.80%) 313 (74.00%)
 No 116 (2.89%) 33 (3.99%) 56 (2.81%) 17 (4.02%)
 NOS 786 (19.61%) 209 (25.24%) 407 (20.39%) 93 (21.99%)
Marital status 0.917 0.922
 Married 2,306 (57.52%) 465 (56.16%) 1,148 (57.52%) 242 (57.21%)
 Unmarried 1,484 (37.02%) 331 (39.98%) 749 (37.53%) 160 (37.83%)
 NOS 219 (5.46%) 32 (3.86%) 99 (4.96%) 21 (4.96%)
Tumor location 0.009 0.032
 Large intestine 216 (5.39%) 35 (4.23%) 94 (4.71%) 11 (2.60%)
 Peritoneum 78 (1.95%) 34 (4.11%) 47 (2.35%) 18 (4.26%)
 Stomach 2,599 (64.83%) 468 (56.52%) 1,306 (65.43%) 253 (59.81%)
 Small intestine 1,093 (27.26%) 289 (34.90%) 535 (26.80%) 139 (32.86%)
 Esophagus 23 (0.57%) 2 (0.24%) 14 (0.70%) 2 (0.47%)
Pathologic grade <0.001 <0.001
 I 641 (15.99%) 35 (4.23%) 307 (15.38%) 13 (3.07%)
 II 451 (11.25%) 43 (5.19%) 214 (10.72%) 25 (5.91%)
 III 147 (3.67%) 56 (6.76%) 76 (3.81%) 19 (4.49%)
 IV 195 (4.86%) 78 (9.42%) 87 (4.36%) 45 (10.64%)
 NOS 2,575 (64.23%) 616 (74.40%) 1,312 (65.73%) 321 (75.89%)
Tumor size (cm) <0.001 <0.001
 ≤2 495 (12.35%) 16 (1.93%) 221 (11.07%) 9 (2.13%)
 2-5 1,230 (30.68%) 109 (13.16%) 644 (32.26%) 48 (11.35%)
 5-10 1,241 (30.96%) 223 (26.93%) 629 (31.51%) 108 (25.53%)
 >10 833 (20.78%) 307 (37.08%) 389 (19.49%) 154 (36.41%)
 NOS 210 (5.24%) 173 (20.89%) 113 (5.66%) 104 (24.59%)
Lymph nodes <0.001 <0.001
 Negative 3,783 (94.36%) 548 (66.18%) 1,884 (94.39%) 306 (72.34%)
 Positive 94 (2.34%) 123 (14.86%) 62 (3.11%) 49 (11.58%)
 NOS 132 (3.29%) 157 (18.96%) 50 (2.51%) 68 (16.08%)
Extension <0.001 <0.001
 Mild 3,051 (76.10%) 280 (33.82%) 1,565 (78.41%) 145 (34.28%)
 Grievous 726 (18.11%) 346 (41.79%) 347 (17.38%) 156 (36.88%)
 NOS 232 (5.79%) 202 (24.40%) 84 (4.21%) 122 (28.84%)
Mitotic count <0.001 <0.001
 ≤5/50 HPF 1,513 (37.74%) 130 (15.70%) 750 (37.58%) 69 (16.31%)
 >5/50 HPF 1,615 (40.28%) 432 (52.17%) 788 (39.48%) 202 (47.75%)
 NOS 881 (21.98%) 266 (32.13%) 458 (22.95%) 152 (35.93%)

NOS: not otherwise specified.