Table 1.
Physical (means ± standard deviation (SD)) characteristics of elderly individuals from the NP and CET groups before (pre) and after 30 days (post) of daily supplementation. Significance level of ∗p < 0.05.
| Characteristics | Volunteers (n = 54) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonpractitioners (NP, n = 34) | Combined-exercise training (CET, n = 49) | ||||
| Placebo (n = 15) | L-glutamine (n = 19) | Placebo (n = 15) | L-glutamine (n = 19) | ||
| Age (year) | 73.5 ± 7.7 | 73.1 ± 5.9 | 72.1 ± 6.0 | 71.6 ± 5.8 | >0.05 |
| Height (m) | 1.55 ± 0.1 | 1.59 ± 0.09 | 1.56 ± 0.10 | 1.57 ± 0.09 | >0.05 |
| Weight (kg) | 65.1 ± 11.1 | 73.2 ± 14.5∗ | 62.5 ± 10.2 | 63.2 ± 12.9 | <0.05 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 3.1 | 28.7 ± 4.2∗ | 25.5 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 4.0 | <0.05 |
| Total body fat (%) | 37.6 ± 8.7 | 40.5 ± 9.0 | 35.5 ± 5.4 | 36.2 ± 8.4 | >0.05 |
| Fat-free mass (%) | 58.7 ± 7.6 | 59.9 ± 8.7 | 62.8 ± 7.3 | 64.6 ± 6.7 | >0.05 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 20.1 ± 5.1 | 19.8 ± 4.5 | 19.2 ± 2.7 | 19.7 ± 3.7 | >0.05 |
| IPAQ | |||||
| Physical activity (min/week) | 908 ± 212# | 956 ± 208# | 1894 ± 252 | 1961 ± 253 | <0.05 |
| Sitting (min/week) | 1705 ± 440# | 1977 ± 587# | 1312 ± 463 | 1414 ± 535 | <0.05 |
∗Significant differences in comparison to values obtained in the other groups. #Significant differences in comparison to values obtained in the CET groups.