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. 2020 May 7;13:19. doi: 10.1186/s13047-020-00387-y

Table 2.

Baseline criteria, including non-significant fractures

Patients (n) Percentage
Total 158 100%
Demographics
 Male 61 39%
 Female 97 61%
 Age (median) 28 (21–46)
Mechanism of trauma
 Inversion 103 65%
 Eversion 10 6%
 Unknown 45 29%
Activities
 Walking 79 50%
 Sports 54 34%
 Traffic accident 16 10%
 Other 3 2%
OAR
 Rule 1 (4 steps walking test) 117 74%
 Rule 2 (lateral malleolus) 111 70%
 Rule 3 (medial malleolus) 69 44%
 Rule 4 (fifth metatarsal bone) 54 34%
 Rule 5 (navicular) 44 28%
PoCUS fracture sonographer
 No fracture 118 75%
 Fracture 40 25%
  Distal tibia 2 1%
  Distal fibula 28 18%
  Fifth metatarsal bone 5 3%
  Distal fibula and tibia 5 3%
  Other 0 0%
PoCUS fracture expert
 No fracture 128 81%
 Fracture 30 19%
  Distal tibia 1 1%
  Distal fibula 20 13%
  Fifth metatarsal bone 5 3%
  Distal fibula and tibia 4 3%
  Other 0 0%
Xray fracture
 No fracture 123 78%
 Fracture 35 22%
  Distal tibia 0 0%
  Distal fibula 20 13%
  Fifth metatarsal bone 7 5%
  Distal fibula and tibia 6 4%
  Othera 2 1%

OAR Ottawa Ankle Rules, PoCUS point-of-care bedside ultrasound, Xray plain radiographic image. aOther = malleolus tertius and distal tibia with malleolus tertius