Table 3.

Acetylation regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts.

Osteoblastogenesis
Epigenetic mark/enzymatic function	Specific chromatin modifier	Nonhistone substrates or interacting proteins	Differentiation function	Ref.
Deacetylation
	HDAC1, HDAC2		↓	[85–87, 89]
	HDAC3, HDAC7	Interaction with RUNX2	↓	[84, 88]
	HDAC4, HDAC5	RUNX2 deacetylation; interaction with SMAD3	↓	[68, 69]
	HDAC8	H3K9ac	↓	[83]
	SIRT1	Beta-catenin deacetylation	↑	[90–92]
	SIRT3	SOD deacetylation	↑	[89]

↑: promotion of differentiation; ↓: suppression of differentiation.