Table 1.

Role of exosomal contents in TC development.

Exosomal origin	Author	Contents	Function	Level	Reference
Serum	Luo et al.	SRC	Regulate tumor metastasis via activating MAPK/ERK and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathways	Overexpress	[46]
Hypoxic PTC cells	Wu et al.	miRNA-21-5p	Via miRNA-21-5p/TGFBI and miRNA-21-5p/COL4A1 pathway to promote angiogenesis of HUVECs	Overexpress	[47]
PTC serum	Ye et al.	miRNA-432-5p	Accelerating the lymph node metastasis	Overexpress	[48]
TC-derived cell lines	Hardy	SNAIL	Repressing CDH1 transcription and promoting the development of PTC	Overexpress	[49]
CSCs	Hardin	Linc-ROR	Trigger EMT and induce the local tumor microenvironment and the distant metastatic niche	Overexpress	[36]
TPC-1 cell lines and 8505 cells	Boufraqech	miR-145	Via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway to suppress the growth and transfer of TC	Downexpress	[52]