Figure 3.

SalD reduced the inflammatory response induced by I/R injury in rats. (a) SalD inhibited the astrocytes and microglia activation in I/R rats. Representative figures showing GFAP and Iba1 staining. (b) SalD downregulated the generation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in I/R rats. (c) SalD attenuated the upregulated release of serum HMGB1 in I/R rats. Data are expressed as means ± SD. ^##P < 0.01 versus the sham operation group; ^∗P < 0.05 and ^∗∗P < 0.01 versus the MCAO/R group. Scale bar = 50 μm.