Table 2.
Definition of variables for differential diagnosis of BPPV.
| Variables | Descriptions |
|---|---|
| X 1–3,201–206, 210–217 | Pathophysiology of BPPV: the lesion of the otolithic membrane of utricle macula, the degenerated otolith broken off from utricle macula, misplaced calcium carbonate crystals debris, calcium free-floating particles entering the SCCs, calcium particles adherent to the cupula of SCC, the endolymph movement with free-floating particles that pathologically stimulates the ampulla of canal, and the sensitivity to linear acceleration and gravity induced by the abnormal deflection of cupula |
| X 4,8–11 | The description of vertigo: an illusion of movement, the sensation that objects in the environment is moving when the eyes are open, and the sensation that a patient feels as if he or she is moving when the eyes are closed |
| X 11,42,45,46,82 | The main accompanying symptoms: spontaneous nystagmus and autonomic nerve symptoms |
| X 20-25 | The detailed description of the features of vertigo attacks: attack characteristics, the onset and duration of an attack, causes of disease, frequency, and severity |
| X 26–28,209 | Changes in head position relative to gravity: rotation of the head relative to the body while in an upright position |
| X 83–87,130 | The feature of spontaneous nystagmus and the Romberg test for vestibular function |
| X 52,49,161,163,238 | Other accompanying symptoms: cochlear symptoms, hearing loss, tinnitus, the symptoms of central nervous system, and the manifestations of the primary and underlying disorders |
| X 184,185 | Patient's gender and age |
| X 186,189,198,234 | The typical and characteristic medical history: a migraine, hypertension, head trauma, and inner ear pathology |
| X 207–208 | More than one semicircular canal is affected simultaneously (obtained statistically during the pretreatment process of medical data) |
| X 218–221,227,228 | Positioning test vertigo and nystagmus when the head is moving or rotating |
| X 222–226 | Dix–Hallpike test: the feature of evoked nystagmus (latency, duration, direction, amplitude, frequency, fatigability, and reversibility) |
| X 229–233 | Supine roll test: the feature of evoked nystagmus (latency, duration, direction, amplitude, frequency, fatigability, and reversibility) |
| X 236 | The outcomes of the maneuver treatment |
| B 23–33 | PSCC-BPPV (B23); LSCC-BPPV (B24); ASCC-BPPV (B25); MSCC-BPPV (B26); secondary BPPV (B27); idiopathic BPPV (B28); canalithiasis BPPV (B29); cupulolithiasis BPPV (B30); subjective BPPV (B31); persistent BPPV (B32); and recurrent BPPV (B33) |