TABLE 1—
Participant Characteristics: Safe Start Community Health Worker Program, Philadelphia, PA, 2015–2019
| Safe Start, No. (%)a (n = 291) | Comparison Group, No. (%) (n = 300) | Pb | |
| Demographic | |||
| Race | < .001 | ||
| African American | 281 (97) | 267 (89) | |
| Other | 10 (3) | 33 (11) | |
| Hispanic | 8 (3) | 12 (4) | .4 |
| Age, y | .27 | ||
| 14–18 | 13 (5) | 9 (3) | |
| 19–35 | 254 (87) | 256 (85) | |
| 36–50 | 24 (8) | 35 (12) | |
| Married | 33 (11) | 27 (9) | .35 |
| Clinical | |||
| Nulliparous | 41 (14) | 47 (16) | .59 |
| Prior preterm birthc | 50 (20) | 52 (21) | .88 |
| Hypertension | 91 (31) | 66 (22) | .011 |
| Diabetes | 38 (13) | 25 (8) | .06 |
| Obesed | 133 (46) | 130 (43) | .56 |
| Behavioral healthe | 168 (58) | 152 (51) | .09 |
| Substance usef | 77 (26) | 114 (38) | .003 |
a
Mean gestational age of enrollment for Safe Start clients was 28.3 weeks (SD = 5.89).
b
P values represent χ2 test in cells > 5 and Fisher exact test in cells ≤ 5.
c
Among multiparous women (n = 503).
d
Patients with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 prior to pregnancy.
e
Reported anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, or bipolar, during pregnancy in the electronic medical record problem list or patient’s report.
f
Reported drug, alcohol, or tobacco use during pregnancy in the electronic medical record problem list or patient’s report.