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. 2020 Apr 30;11:396. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00396

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Copyright © 2020 Catala, Youssef, Reisz, Dzieciatkowska, Powers, Marchetti, Karafin, Zimring, Hudson, Hansen, Spitalnik and D’Alessandro.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EP reprograms glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glutathione metabolism. Metabolites from glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) (A). As part of heme metabolism, biliverdin (BILV) confirms successful EP of IgG-opsonized RBCs by BMDMs. Entry into glutathione (GSH) metabolism via methionine (MET) and glutamate (GLU) (B). For all plots, the y-axis represents relative intensity (a.u.). *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001 (unpaired t-test, 2-tailed distribution). GLUC, glucose; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; FBP, fructose bisphosphate; PG, phophoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PYR, pyruvate; LAC, lactate; GDL, 6-phosphate gluconolactone; 6PDG, 6-phospho-D-gluconate; SP, sedoheptulose phosphate; RP, ribose phosphate (isomers); GLN, glutamine; CYS, cysteine; CYSS, cystine; SER, serine; GS-CYS, S-gultathionyl-L-cysteine; HIS, histidine; DMGLY, dimethylglygine; SAM/H, S-adenosyl methionine/homocysteine.