Table 1.
Characteristics and symptoms of patients with ESBL-negative and ESBL-positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia at the time of study admission (data shown as number (%) unless indicated)
| Total (n = 360) | ESBL negative (n = 288) | ESBL positive (n = 72) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 57 (42–70) | 58 (43–70) | 53 (32–65) | 0.03 |
| ≤ 15 years old, n/N (%) | 27/360 (8) | 18/288 (6) | 9/72 (13) | 0.09 |
| Male, n/N (%) | 143/360 (40) | 108/288 (38) | 35/72 (49) | 0.09 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Days ill, median (IQR) | 3 (2–7) | 3 (2–7) | 3.5 (2–7) | 0.70 |
| Fever, n/N (%) | 345/356 (97) | 277/286 (97) | 68/70 (97) | 1.00 |
| Rigors, n/N (%) | 230/354 (65) | 190/285 (67) | 40/69 (58) | 0.17 |
| Headache, n/N (%) | 197/355 (55) | 161/286 (56) | 36/69 (52) | 0.50 |
| Arthralgia, n/N (%) | 118/355 (33) | 95/286 (33) | 23/69 (33) | 0.90 |
| Back pain, n/N (%) | 123/355 (35) | 99/286 (35) | 24/69 (35) | 0.90 |
| Myalgia, n/N (%) | 184/355 (52) | 149/286 (52) | 35/69 (51) | 0.80 |
| Retro-orbital pain, n/N (%) | 16/340 (5) | 15/275 (6) | 1/65 (2) | 0.32 |
| Jaundice, n/N (%) | 64/351 (18) | 51/284 (18) | 13/67 (19) | 0.70 |
| Nausea, n/N (%) | 121/352 (34) | 101/284 (36) | 20/68 (29) | 0.30 |
| Vomiting, n/N (%) | 99/352 (28) | 82/284 (28) | 17/68 (25) | 0.50 |
| Dysuria, n/N (%) | 62/352 (17) | 49/284 (17) | 13/68 (19) | 0.71 |
| Diarrhea, n/N (%) | 67/351 (19) | 59/283 (21) | 8/68 (12) | 0.08 |
| Constipation, n/N (%) | 25/349 (7) | 21/282 (7) | 4/67 (6) | 0.79 |
| Abdominal pain, n/N (%) | 100/346 (29) | 84/280 (30) | 16/66 (24) | 0.30 |
| Sore throat, n/N (%) | 14/346 (4) | 11/280 (4) | 3/66 (5) | 0.78 |
| Drowsiness, n/N (%) | 56/346 (16) | 43/280 (15) | 13/66 (20) | 0.38 |
| Risk factors, n/N (%) | ||||
| Diabetes, n/N (%) | 88/335 (26) | 76/272 (28) | 12/63 (19) | 0.31 |
| Excessive alcohol use, n/N (%) | 34/317 (11) | 27/257 (11) | 7/60 (12) | 0.79 |
| Smoking, n/N (%) | 37/311 (12) | 28/253 (11) | 9/58 (16) | 0.34 |
| Chronic renal failure, n/N (%) | 18/341 (5) | 11/278 (4) | 7/64 (11) | 0.05 |
| Renal calculi, n/N (%) | 20/336 (6) | 12/275 (4) | 8/61 (13) | 0.01 |
| TB, n/N (%) | 6/236 (3) | 5/195 (3) | 1/42 (2) | 0.92 |
| HIV, n/N (%) | 5/294 (2) | 5/243 (2) | 0/52 (0) | 0.72 |
| Steroid use, n/N (%) | 14/303 (5) | 11/252 (4) | 3/52 (6) | 0.80 |
| Reported antibiotic use in the previous week, n/N (%) | 61/235 (26) | 38/192 (20) | 23/44 (52) | < 0.001 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Discharged alive, n/N (%) | 144/203 (71) | 122/164 (74) | 22/39 (56) | 0.04 |
| Died in hospital, n/N (%) | 25/203 (12) | 16/164 (10) | 9/39 (23) | |
| Discharged moribund, n/N (%) | 34/203 (17) | 26/164 (16) | 8/39 (20) |
ESBL = extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.