Table 2.

Reports of ENL treated with TNF-⍺ inhibitors

Year	Biologic	Indication	Age (years) gender	Treatment and outcome	Report origin	Patient origin	Probable country of leprosy acquisition	Reference
2006	Infliximab 5 mg/kg	Persistent ENL despite prednisolone, thalidomide, and pentoxifylline.	52, F	Rapid improvement within hours. Received three infusions of infliximab. Symptom-free for 12 months.	Netherlands	Paraguay	Argentina*	Faber et al.9
2011	Etanercept 50 mg/week	Persistent ENL and experienced adverse effects of corticosteroids, clofazimine, and thalidomide.	33, F	Received etanercept, prednisone, and thalidomide. Steroids stopped after 6 weeks and thalidomide after 6 months. Symptom-free for 6 months on etanercept alone.	Canada	Philippines	Philippines	Ramien et al.10
2016	Etanercept 50 mg/week	Persistent ENL despite prednisolone, thalidomide, pentoxifylline, and azathioprine. Experienced adverse effects of thalidomide and prednisolone.	49, M	Etanercept and taper of prednisolone led to improvement of ENL at week 12. Prednisolone discontinued (unclear date). Etanercept tapered to biweekly.	India	India†	India	Chowdhry et al.22
2017	Etanercept 50 mg/week	Persistent ENL despite prednisone and thalidomide.	40, M	Etanercept and prednisone 10 mg weekly led to control of ENL.	Brazil	Brazil	Brazil	Santos et al.21
2019	Infliximab 5 mg/kg	Persistent ENL despite thalidomide, prednisone, clofazimine, and cyclophosphamide.	29, M	Infliximab (7 infusions) and slow taper of prednisone led to control of ENL. Now, off infliximab.	USA	Samoa	Samoa	Unpublished new case report.

ENL = erythema nodosum leprosum; M = male; F = female.

* Born in Paraguay, but developed leprosy while living in Argentina.

† Patients likely from India as no additional information about the place of birth or travel is given.