Table 2.

Independent factors associated with 28-day incidence of TD

Factor (n)	Crude hazard ratio	95% CI	P-value
Demographic data
Age*	0.97	0.947–0.991	0.006
Male gender	0.96	0.716–1.496	0.853
Nationality
African	1	–	–
European	0.81	−0.111–5.860	0.832
North American	0.96	0.132–6.919	0.965
South American	0.61	0.300–7.693	0.605
Asian	0.85	0.107–6.210	0.845
Australian and Oceanian	0.96	0.106–8.477	0.961
Under university graduate	1.36	0.879–2.113	0.166
Atopy	1.47	0.843–2.574	0.176
Allergy	1.48	0.953–2.284	0.081
Consulted doctor about TD before travel	1.42	0.975–2.078	0.073
Diet and eating habit
Tap water	1.62	1.001–2.634	0.049
Alcohol	1.11	0.715–1.727	0.657
Raw food	0.84	0.581–1.220	0.357
Fruit	0.73	0.389–1.401	0.337
Vegetables	0.98	0.632–1.515	0.919
Herbal	1.03	0.704–1.525	0.870
Leftover food	0.71	0.436–1.125	0.181
Ice	0.84	0.492–1.418	0.504
Street food	2.15	1.086–4.242	0.028
Sea food	0.88	0.607–1.273	0.485
Insect	0.72	0.320–1.641	0.431
Bare hands	1.11	0.762–1.601	0.599
Wash hands before meal	0.78	0.543–1.131	0.182
Wash hands after using toilet	0.67	0.452–0.983	0.041
Activities of participants
Cruise travel	0.99	0.507–1.596	0.972
Swimming	0.90	0.624–1.304	0.584
Trekking	1.13	0.760–1.664	0.552
City travel	1.36	0.547–27.97	0.176
Countryside travel	1.53	0.942–2.472	0.086
National park travel	1.37	0.941–2.003	0.100
Arrival from Southeast Asia or travel abroad from Thailand	1.54	1.022–2.311	0.039
Traveling companion
Solo	0.90	0.610–1.328	0.586
With couple	1.13	0.738–1.632	0.508
With children or elderly	0.39	0.160–0.961	0.041
With group tour	1.19	0.471–3.239	0.734
With others	1.23	0.796–1923	0.353

TD = travelers’ diarrhea.

* Data represent continuous variables, for a one-unit increase in continuous predictor variable.