Table 1.
Consequence of Cannabidiol treatment in preclinical and clinical settings.
| Source | Species | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beneficial Effects | |||
| CBD (1Sigma) |
HEK cells | Activation of α1 and α1ß -glycine receptors | Ahrens et al., 20091; Foadi et al., 20101 |
| CBD (1Enecta Group; 2Cayman; 3NIH; 4NS) |
Mice | ↓inflammation; ↓hyperalgesia | Belardo et al., 20191; 4Crivelaro Do Nascimento et al., 2020; (Toth et al., 2010)2; (Ward et al., 2014; King et al., 2017); 3(Harris et al., 2016); |
| CBD (1NIH; 2THC Pharm; 3GW Pharma; 4Cayman; 5NS) |
Rat | ↓inflammation; ↓hyperalgesia; ↓ hepatic cytochrome p450 |
(Costa et al., 2007; Comelli et al., 2008; Casey et al., 2017; Abraham et al., 2019)3; (Xiong et al., 2012)1; (Jesus et al., 2019)5; Wong and Cairns, 20194 |
| CBD (1Stanley Brothers; 2Bedrocan International; 3Ananda Professional; 4Tilray; 5NS) |
Humans | Patient-reported: ↓ chronic pain; ↑ quality of life; ↑ quality of sleep |
(Wade et al., 2003)5; (Cuñetti et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2019); (Van De Donk et al., 2019)2; (Notcutt et al., 2004; Capano et al., 2020)5; (Gulbransen et al., 2020)4 |
| 1:1 CBD : THC (GW Pharma.) |
Humans | improved refractory/neuropathic pain; Patient-reported ↓ chronic pain; ↑ quality of life; Improved responses to noxious stimuli |
Johnson et al., 2013; Sellers et al., 2013; Ueberall et al., 2019; (Rog et al., 2005; Conte et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2010; Portenoy et al., 2012; Mondello et al., 2018) (Berman et al., 2004; Fallon et al., 2017; Lichtman et al., 2018); NCT01424566; NCT01361607; NCT01262651; NCT01606189; NCT01337089 |
| Adverse Effects | |||
| CBD (NS) |
HES model cells | Adversely impact embryo implantation; Delay placenta development | Neradugomma et al., 2019 |
| CBD (The Hebrew University) |
MCF7/P-gp, BeWo and Jar cells | ↑ placental xenobiotic permeability | Feinshtein et al., 2013 |
| CBD (BSPG Pharm.) |
Zebrafish embryos | Delay in embryo development; ↑ embryo activity |
Valim Brigante et al., 2018 |
| CBD (Tocris) |
Chick embryos | 50–80% ↓ in embryo viability; Delay in embryo development |
Gustafsson and Jacobsson, 2019 |
| CBD (Cayman Chemical) |
Mice offspring | ↑ Eye defects; ↓ birth weight; Abnormal craniofacies; ↓ testicular weight; ↓ testicular testosterone levels ↓ hypothalamic dopamine levels |
Dalterio et al., 1984; Fish et al., 2019 |
| CBD (1NIH; 2Kyushu University) |
Rat offspring | ↓ hepatic cytochrome p450 ↓ testicular testosterone levels ↓ binding affinities for α1-adrenergic and D2-dopaminergic receptors |
List et al., 19771; Rosenkrantz and Esber, 19801; Narimatsu et al., 19882; Walters and Carr, 19881 |
| CBD (NIH) |
Rhesus monkeys | ↑ follicle-stimulating hormone; hormonal imbalance |
Rosenkrantz and Esber, 1980 |
| Cannabis (NS) |
Humans | ↓ birth weight ↑ need for neonatal intensive care |
Gunn et al., 2016 |
CBD, cannabidiol; THC, tetrahydrocannabinol; HEK cells, human embryonic kidney cells; HES cells, human endometrial stroma cells; JAr cells, human choriocarcinoma cells; BeWo cells, human placental cell line from choriocarcinoma; MCF7/P-gp cells, MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells expressing P-glycoprotein; NIH, National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse; NS, not specified. The superscripted numbers corresponds with the vendor in the source and the cited article within that row. The symbols “↓” and “↑” indicate worsening and improvement of outcomes, respectively.