Table 3.
Results from subgroup analysis. These pre-specified analyses were only performed for the four primary outcomes. The only significant effect modification was query type for dysgeusia (ie, the odds of dysgeusia were higher in trials querying actively vs unclear/passively for symptoms)
| Study characteristics | Paraesthesias | Dysgeusia | Polyuria | Fatigue | ||||||||||||
| Beta | (95% CI) | N | P | Beta | (95% CI) | N | P | Beta | (95% CI) | N | P | Beta | (95% CI) | N | P | |
| Outcome characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
| Query type (active vs unclear/no) |
2.1 | (0.9 to 5.3) | 39 | 0.10 | 4.0 | (1.1 to 14) | 22 | 0.04 | 1.5 | (0.5 to 4.6) | 22 | 0.46 | 2.2 | (0.5 to 11) | 14 | 0.29 |
| Overall risk of bias (low vs unclear vs high) |
0.8 | (0.5 to 1.4) | 39 | 0.46 | 1.2 | (0.5 to 2.6) | 22 | 0.70 | 1.7 | (0.9 to 3.5) | 22 | 0.11 | 0.6 | (0.2 to 1.7) | 14 | 0.31 |
| Intervention characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
| Days of administration (per 10 day increase) |
1.0 | (0.93 to 1.1) | 39 | 0.87 | 1.1 | (0.9 to 1.3) | 22 | 0.20 | 1.1 | (0.97 to 1.3) | 22 | 0.12 | 1.1 | (0.98 to 1.28) | 14 | 0.10 |
| Total daily dose/kg (per 1 mg/kg increase) |
1.03 | (0.97 to 1.1) | 15 | 0.31 | 1.16 | (0.86 to 1.6) | 7 | 0.25 | 1.07 | (0.88 to 1.3) | 9 | 0.43 | 1.09 | (0.78 to 1.5) | 4 | 0.39 |
| Cumulative dose (per 10 000 mg X days increase) |
1.01 | (0.97 to 1.04) | 39 | 0.71 | 1.05 | (0.98 to 1.13) | 22 | 0.15 | 1.04 | (0.97 to 1.12) | 22 | 0.30 | 1.04 | (0.98 to 1.1) | 14 | 0.15 |
| Diuretic use (yes vs unclear/no) |
0.9 | (0.2 to 4.4) | 39 | 0.85 | 2.9 | (0.6 to 15) | 22 | 0.19 | 0.7 | (0.2 to 2.7) | 22 | 0.55 | Insufficient n | |||
| Renal adjustment (yes vs unclear/no) |
1.0 | (0.4 to 2.2) | 39 | 0.95 | 1.4 | (0.4 to 5) | 22 | 0.63 | 0.6 | (0.2 to 1.6) | 22 | 0.32 | 0.9 | (0.2 to 5.1) | 14 | 0.91 |
| High altitude (yes vs no) |
0.8 | (0.4 to 1.7) | 39 | 0.54 | 0.4 | (0.1 to 1.3) | 22 | 0.12 | 0.9 | (0.3 to 2.5) | 22 | 0.77 | 0.2 | (0 to 4.6) | 14 | 0.26 |
| Participant characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
| Mean age (per 10 year increase) |
0.9 | (0.6 to 1.2) | 34 | 0.36 | 1.1 | (0.7 to 1.9) | 19 | 0.59 | 1.0 | (0.6 to 1.5) | 21 | 0.86 | 0.8 | (0.4 to 1.5) | 13 | 0.42 |
| % female (per 10% increase) |
1.1 | (0.98 to 1.2) | 37 | 0.10 | 1.1 | (0.9 to 1.4) | 21 | 0.47 | 1.0 | (0.8 to 1.2) | 22 | 0.96 | 1.4 | (0.9 to 2.1) | 14 | 0.10 |
| BMI (per 5-point increase) |
1.2 | (0.8 to 1.6) | 11 | 0.34 | 2.4 | (0.1 to 90) | 4 | 0.40 | 1.1 | (0.3 to 4.7) | 6 | 0.87 | Insufficient n | |||
| Race | 4 | 0.49 | Insufficient n | 4 | 0.82 | 4 | 0.59 | |||||||||
| White | ||||||||||||||||
| Black | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||
| Condition | 39 | 0.91 | 22 | 0.32 | 22 | 0.87 | Insufficient n | |||||||||
| AMS/CMS | ||||||||||||||||
| OSA/CSA | ||||||||||||||||
| Ophthalmic (medical) | ||||||||||||||||
| Ophthalmic (surgical) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||
| Laboratory changes (acetazolamide−placebo) | ||||||||||||||||
| pH (per 0.01 increase) |
1.04 | (0.8 to 1.4) | 10 | 0.81 | 1.8 | (0.5 to 7) | 5 | 0.26 | 1.1 | (0.6 to 2) | 4 | 0.64 | Insufficient n | |||
| pCO2 (per 1 mm Hg increase) |
1.1 | (0.8 to 1.6) | 12 | 0.47 | 1.02 | (0.5 to 2.3) | 7 | 0.95 | 0.7 | (0.3 to 1.5) | 6 | 0.26 | Insufficient n | |||
| pO2 (per 1 mm Hg increase) |
1.0 | (0.7 to 1.5) | 8 | 0.96 | 1.3 | (0.7 to 2.6) | 5 | 0.28 | 0.99 | (0.4 to 2.6) | 4 | 0.96 | Insufficient n | |||
| Bicarbonate (per 1 mmol/L increase) |
1.5 | (0.7 to 3.4) | 7 | 0.25 | 0.8 | (0 to 6846) | 3 | 0.77 | 1.3 | (0.3 to 7) | 4 | 0.53 | Insufficient n | |||
| Chloride | Insufficient n | Insufficient n | Insufficient n | Insufficient n | ||||||||||||
AMS, acute mountain sickness; BMI, body mass index; CMS, chronic mountain sickness; CSA, central sleep apnea; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.