Table 2.
Project name | Transition to scale of an integrated programme of nutritional care and psychosocial stimulation to improved malnourished children’s development | An integrated intervention targeted at deprived preschool children in rural areas | Home visiting programmes to improve early child development and maternal mental health | Saving Brains, Changing Mindsets |
Lead institution | International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) | Universidad de Los Andes (UDLA) | Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) | Mobile Crèches for Working Mothers’ Children (MC) |
Country | Bangladesh | Colombia | Brazil | India |
Site | Rural Dhaka area: Narsingdi and Kishoreganj | Central rural regions: Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Santander |
São Paulo, urban slums in western area | Delhi area, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh |
Vision/goal/objectives | Integrate RCEL intervention for poor, underweight children into routine government health services | Improve quality of a pre-existing public parenting programme in a scalable fashion | Evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of two alternative platforms for home visiting programme | Demonstrate scalability of workplace-based childcare for children of migrant construction workers |
Participating children, n | 1597 | 2134 | 800 | 4845 |
Human resources | ||||
Type | Associate health professional | Lay community member as paraprofessional | Community health workers (CHW) and child development agents (CDA) | Personal care worker |
Pre-existing/novel cadre | Pre-existing | Pre-existing | CHWs pre-existing, CDAs novel cadre | Pre-existing |
Incentivisation, including remuneration | Occasional small gifts | Remunerated by government | 30% elevated salary pre-existing CHWs, salary-matched CDAs | Salaried |
Qualification/skill/competence | Technical qualification | Secondary education | No qualification needed | Primary and secondary education |
Gender of workers | Majority female | Majority female | Exclusively female | Majority female |
Length of training | 15 days | 85 hours over 3.5 weeks | 40 hours initial (Reach Up) and 32 hours refresher | 36 days |
Workers recruited (completing training, delivering project), n | 354 (320, 168) | 171 (171, 171) | 15 (15, 13) | 139 (83, 67) |
Frequency of supervision | Minimum once per month. | Every 6 weeks | Once per week | Six months rigorous, then monthly |
Curricula content | ||||
Group versus individual | 2 or 4–5 dyads | 80% group, 20% individual | All individual | 70% group, 30% individual |
Duration of intervention | 12 months | 11 months | 12 months | 3 months |
Average length of sessions | 50 min | 1 hour | 1 hour | 8 hours (full creche day) |
Sessions, n | 25 | 55 | 24 | 75 |
Frequency of contacts per month | 2 | 3 | 2 | 25 |
Materials | Play materials | Books, puzzles, images and toys (recyclable materials) | Books, puzzles, images and toys (recyclable materials) | Play materials, blocks, puzzles, big picture books, toys (low cost) |
Curriculum | Adaptation of Reach Up | Adaptation of Reach Up | Adaptation of Reach Up | Thematic curriculum on school readiness skills |
Use of digital media | None | None | None | None |
Mechanism of behaviour change | ||||
Mentoring | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Problem solving | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Didactic | – | – | – | – |
Demonstrations | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Service mapping | – | – | – | – |
Empowerment | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Peer support | Yes | Yes | – | – |
Media | – | – | – | – |
Materials | Yes | – | Yes | – |
Published references | 21 48 49 | 21 50 | 21 50 | 21 51 |