Table 2.
SAFs for smoking and SHS by disease and gender, people aged 30-69 years
|
Smoking |
SHS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males % | Females % | Males % | Females % | |
| All causes | 40.82 | 27.57 | 3.59 | 3.22 |
| Communicable diseases | 36.53 | 26.74 | 7.23 | 9.02 |
| Respiratory infections and tuberculosis | 46.68 | 33.42 | 9.24 | 11.27 |
| Tuberculosis | 45.98 | 33.56 | - | - |
| Lower respiratory infections | 46.93 | 33.53 | 10.07 | 11.99 |
| Non-communicable diseases | 44.83 | 29.03 | 3.85 | 3.24 |
| Neoplasms | 52.16 | 26.54 | 2.69 | 1.99 |
| Esophageal cancer | 62.25 | 47.45 | - | - |
| Stomach cancer | 34.82 | 22.80 | - | - |
| Liver cancer | 32.99 | 22.54 | - | - |
| Larynx cancer | 86.69 | 74.70 | - | - |
| Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer | 85.44 | 75.11 | 6.66 | 8.00 |
| Breast cancer | - | 10.78 | - | 2.63 |
| Cervical cancer | - | 47.43 | - | - |
| Prostate cancer | 12.07 | - | - | - |
| Colon and rectum cancer | 28.25 | 19.93 | - | - |
| Lip and oral cavity cancer | 59.76 | 49.01 | - | - |
| Nasopharynx cancer | 46.92 | 33.71 | - | - |
| Other pharynx cancer | 71.94 | 63.50 | - | - |
| Pancreatic cancer | 37.20 | 41.83 | - | - |
| Kidney cancer | 33.66 | 23.29 | - | - |
| Bladder cancer | 60.56 | 45.65 | - | - |
| Leukemia | 47.10 | 35.75 | - | - |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 46.46 | 41.28 | 5.84 | 6.16 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 51.65 | 52.00 | 7.29 | 8.46 |
| Stroke | 41.16 | 38.66 | 4.56 | 5.51 |
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 30.43 | 20.07 | - | - |
| Aortic aneurysm | 74.89 | 61.28 | - | - |
| Peripheral artery disease | 71.38 | 55.85 | - | - |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 62.17 | 49.08 | 8.37 | 9.45 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 71.60 | 58.63 | 9.75 | 11.59 |
| Asthma | 37.64 | 27.50 | - | - |
| Digestive diseases | 4.58 | 4.01 | - | - |
| Neurological disorders | 18.46 | 18.37 | - | - |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20.11 | 12.31 | 7.14 | 8.22 |
| Musculoskeletal disorders | 6.83 | 3.82 | - | - |
| Injuries | 0.97 | 1.09 | - | - |
| Transport injuries | 1.56 | 1.51 | - | - |
| Unintentional injuries | 1.00 | 1.23 | - | - |
| Self-harm and interpersonal violence | 0.03 | 0.10 | - | - |
a) SAFs were calculated based on data on deaths from IHME21. Estimated SAFs by IHME are available by 5-year age groups and for all ages. b) For the estimation of economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke, authors used the estimated SAFs by IHME which are by 5-year age groups, gender and disease and not those reported here.