Table 1.

Guidelines for treatment of HIV-related ocular diseases discussed in this article

Condition	Treatment Ophthalmic treatment should form part of a multi-disciplinary strategy with infectious disease or HIV specialists, particularly for systemic treatment, including ART
HZO	Antivirals e.g., aciclovir or famciclovir (either intravenously or orally: check renal function and give appropriate dose for weight) For iritis, use topical steroids and cycloplegics Treat high IOP (e.g., with Gutt Timolol 0.5% twice a day). (If IOP > 30 mmHg, use oral acetazolamide 250mgs four times a day for 7-10 days) See article on pp. 71–72.
CMV retinitis	See article on pp. 79–80
Progressive outer retinal necrosis	Aciclovir intravenous (IV) initially, then orally for 6 weeks
Toxoplasmosis	Pyrimethamine (avoid in pregnancy or if breastfeeding) Folinic acid to minimise bone marrow toxicity of pyrimethamine Clindamycin with sulfadiazine Azithromycin monotherapy Prednisolone orally may be considered
SJS/TEN	Topical steroids, with supportive measures such as ocular lubrication, scleral lenses to prevent symblepharon, mucous membrane grafts and pain control Intravenous immunoglobulin G with plasma exchange.