Table 4. Summary of studies in vascular flow related pulse wave attenuation.

Author	Year	Method	Site	Transmission Range (%)	Frequency Range(Hz)
Womersley	1957 [71]	Theoretical	C	C = 0.99-0.92	C = 2-15
			F	F = 1.0-0.96	F = 2-13
Bergel	1961 [76]	In vitro	A	A = 0.98-0.86	2.5-18
			T	T = 0.97-0.72	2.5-18
			F	F = 0.97-0.84	2.5-18
			C	C = 0.97-0.84	2.5-18
Anliker	1968 [77]	In vivo	T	T = 0.7-0.1*	1-3
Mc Donald	1968 [78]	In vitro	C	C = 0.87-0.75	3-14
Mc Donald	1968 [79]	In vivo	C	C = 0.90-0.81	3-11
Mc Donald	1968 [73]	In vitro	C	C = 0.84-0.60	3-11
Wetterer	1968 [75]	In vivo	C	C = 0.98-0.92	3-15
Li	1981 [80]	In vivo	A, F, C, I	C = 0.89-0.47	1-14
Milnor	1975 [25]	In vivo	F	F = 0.85-0.53	3-12
Milnor	1978 [81]	In vivo	F	F = 0.89-0.5	1-13

Arterial flow wave attenuation using various published models and differing methodologies. Transmission was measured as a function of wave frequency/10 cm vessel length. A = Abdominal aorta, C = Carotid, F = Femoral, T = Thoracic aorta, I = Iliac. The theoretical method was calculated using Womersley’s Theory.

* Transmission measured over a 20cm arterial segment. Adapted from McDonald’s blood flow in arteries: theoretical, experimental and clinical principles [75].