Table 3.

Results of multilevel regression on parental perceptions of safety (n = 14,040 students nested in 748 schools)

Variable	β	Std. Err.	Lower CI	Upper CI
Count of security measures	−0.017	0.008*	−0.034	−0.002
Student-level
Female student	−0.022	0.005***	−0.034	−0.011
Black student	0.000	0.007	−0.014	0.014
Hispanic student	−0.002	0.007	−0.016	0.012
Asian-American student	0.012	0.008*	0.004	0.028
Other race student	−0.003	0.006	−0.015	0.010
SES	0.056	0.006***	0.043	0.068
Age	−0.009	0.005***	−0.020	0.002
Victimization	−0.055	0.006***	−0.068	−0.043
School-level
Private school	0.130	0.009***	0.111	0.148
Urban school	−0.009	0.008	−0.024	0.006
Rural school	0.017	0.006*	0.003	0.030
Neighborhood crime levels	−0.018	0.008**	−0.034	−0.002
School delinquency	−0.038	0.009***	−0.056	−0.019
School size	−0.048	0.009***	−0.067	−0.030
% Free/reduced lunch	−0.039	0.009***	−0.058	−0.021
Intercept	3.006	0.007
Standard deviation (Intercept)	0.097	0.008
Standard deviation (Residual)	0.567	0.004
Intra-class correlation	0.031

β = standardized coefficient, Lower CI = lower bound 95% confidence interval, Upper CI = upper bound 95% confidence interval

^***p < .001,

^**p < .01,

^*p < .05