Table 1. Patient characteristics according to baseline Max GD levels.

(Table 1A. Clinical and laboratory findings; Entire cohort, n = 43)
Variables	Entire cohort	Max GD ≥ 242.3 μm	Max GD < 242.3 μm	P-value	Standardized Differences
	n = 43	n = 15	n = 28
Clinical Findings
Age (years)	39.8 ± 9.8 [43]	41.4 ± 9.5	39.0 ± 10.0	0.4539	0.246
Sex (Men; n (%))	26 (60.5) [43]	11 (73.3)	15 (53.6)	0.3274	0.418
BMI (kg/m2)	25.4 ± 4.3 [43]	28.5 ± 4.2	23.7 ± 3.4	$0.0003$	1.256
MBP (mmHg)	102.6 ± 16.8 [43]	104.8 ± 15.9	101.4 ± 17.5	0.5417	0.203
Laboratory Findings
Total Protein (g/dL)	6.48 ± 0.59 [43]	6.71 ± 0.51	6.36 ± 0.59	0.0566	0.635
Serum Albumin (g/dL)	3.79 ± 0.39 [43]	3.91 ± 0.40	3.73 ± 0.38	0.1487	0.461
Blood Urea Nitrogen (mg/dL)	14.5 ± 3.4 [43]	15.6 ± 2.7	13.9 ± 3.6	0.1127	0.534
Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.83 ± 0.20 [43]	0.91 ± 0.22	0.79 ± 0.19	0.0719	0.584
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)	78.6 ± 17.5 [43]	72.2 ± 12.9	81.9 ± 18.9	0.0842	0.599
Uric Acid (mg/dL)	5.74 ± 1.58 [43]	6.01 ± 1.56	5.60 ± 1.60	0.4210	0.259
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)	195.8 ± 44.3 [43]	197.3 ± 20.0	194.9 ± 53.3	0.8677	0.060
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	164.3 ± 134.2 [43]	228.7 ± 201.3	129.8 ± 58.9	$0.0193$	0.667
Hemoglobin A1c (NGSP) (%)	5.43 ± 0.94 [30]	6.08 ± 1.32	5.11 ± 0.44	$0.0052$	0.986
IgG (mg/dL)	1141.8 ± 321.0 [43]	1173.8 ± 401.4	1124.6 ± 275.4	0.6376	0.143
IgA (mg/dL)	337.1 ± 139.7 [43]	362.1 ± 162.2	323.7 ± 127.2	0.3971	0.263
IgM (mg/dL)	166.0 ± 92.0 [43]	160.6 ± 84.3	168.9 ± 97.3	0.7832	0.091
CH50 (mg/dL)	40.8 ± 5.9 [34]	40.4 ± 5.5	41.0 ± 6.3	0.7791	0.101
C3 (mg/dL)	90.4 ± 19.2 [42]	103.6 ± 21.6	83.9 ± 14.2	$0.0010$	1.078
C4 (mg/dL)	36.9 ± 10.9 [42]	38.7 ± 11.3	36.0 ± 10.8	0.4590	0.244
IgA/C3 ratio	3.85 ± 1.81 [42]	3.52 ± 1.64	4.01 ± 1.90	0.4158	0.276
U-Prot (g/day)	1.4 (0.0–7.0) [43]	1.5 (0.6–5.7)	1.1 (0.0–7.0)	0.5493	0.028
U-RBC (counts/HPF)	10 (0–200) [41]	1 (0–100)	10 (0–200)	0.0828	0.386
Initial treatments
Corticosteroids (n (%))	22 (51.2) [43]	6 (40.0)	16 (57.1)	0.3475	0.347
Tonsillectomy (n (%))	2 (4.7) [43]	0 (0.0)	2 (7.1)	0.5349	0.391
Immunosuppressants (n (%))	0 (0.0) [43]	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	NA	NA
Concomitant drugs
Antihypertensive agents (n (%))	30 (69.8) [43]	11 (73.3)	19 (67.9)	1.0000	0.119
ARB and or ACEI (n (%))	25 (58.1) [43]	9 (60.0)	16 (57.1)	1.0000	0.059
Others (n (%))	14 (32.6) [43]	7 (46.7)	7 (25.0)	0.1837	0.465
Anti-platelet agents	42 (97.7) [43]	14 (93.3)	28 (100.0)	0.3488	0.379
Anti-coagulation	11 (25.6) [43]	3 (20.0)	8 (28.6)	0.7190	0.202
Antidyslipidemic agents (n (%))	1 (2.3) [43]	1 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0.3488	0.379
Antihyperuricemic agents (n (%))	5 (11.6) [43]	2 (13.3)	3 (10.7)	1.0000	0.080
Comorbidities
Hypertension (n (%))	33 (76.7) [43]	12 (80.0)	21 (75.0)	1.0000	0.120
Hyperuricemia (n (%))	12 (27.9) [43]	7 (46.7)	5 (17.9)	0.0739	0.647
Hypertriglyceridemia (n (%))	16 (37.2) [43]	8 (53.3)	8 (28.6)	0.1849	0.519
Hypercholesterolemia (n (%))	10 (23.3) [43]	3 (20.0)	7 (25.0)	1.0000	0.120
(Table 1B. Histological findings; Entire cohort, n = 43)
Variables	Entire cohort	Max GD ≥ 242.3 μm	Max GD < 242.3 μm	P-value	Standardized Differences
	n = 43	n = 15	n = 28
Number of glomeruli	13.4 ± 5.5 [43]	12.1 ± 4.5	14.1 ± 5.9	0.2767	0.381
Global sclerosis (%)	14.3 (0.0–57.1) [43]	12.5 (0.0–55.6)	14.5 (0.0–57.1)	0.9693	0.037
Segmental sclerosis (%)	14.7 (0.0–69.2) [43]	11.1 (0.0–55.6)	17.7 (0.0–69.2)	0.2460	0.277
Crescent (%)	6.3 (0.0–83.3) [43]	6.3 (0.0–33.3)	7.4 (0.0–83.3)	0.6312	0.232
Cellular or Fibro-Cellular (%)	6.3 (0.0–83.3) [43]	6.3 (0.0–22.2)	6.1 (0.0–83.3)	0.5938	0.297
Fibrous (%)	0.0 (0.0–12.5) [43]	0.0 (0.0–12.5)	0.0 (0.0–8.3)	0.3101	0.410
Mesangial cell proliferation (0–3)	2 (1–3) [43]	3 (1–3)	2 (1–3)	0.1908	0.428
Interstitial fibrosis (%)	5.0 (0.0–60.0) [43]	5.0 (0.0–60.0)	5.0 (0.0–30.0)	0.7766	0.174
Interstitial fibrosis (0–3)	1 (0–2) [43]	1 (0–2)	1 (0–2)	0.8161	0.098
Interstitial inflammation (%)	5.0 (0.0–30.0) [43]	5.0 (0.0–25.0)	5.0 (0.0–30.0)	0.5248	0.277
Arteriosclerosis (0–3)	1 (0–2) [43]	1 (0–2)	0 (0–2)	0.0082	0.878
Arteriolar hyalinosis (0–3)	1 (0–3) [43]	1 (0–3)	1 (0–2)	0.0017	1.132
Max GD (μm)	221.7 ± 30.8 [43]	253.1 ± 10.9	204.9 ± 24.0	<0.0001	2.586
Max GA (μm)	37333.8 ± 10230.7 [43]	48024.0 ± 5034.0	31606.9 ± 7223.2	<0.0001	2.637
Oxford Classification
M1	35 (81.4) [43]	12 (80.0)	23 (82.1)	1.0000	0.054
E1	23 (53.5) [43]	9 (60.0)	14 (50.0)	0.7492	0.202
S1	35 (81.4) [43]	11 (73.3)	24 (85.7)	0.4188	0.311
T1	1 (2.3) [43]	0 (0.0)	1 (3.6)	1.0000	0.273
T2	1 (2.3) [43]	1 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	0.3488	0.379
C1	20 (46.5) [43]	8 (53.3)	12 (42.9)	0.5401	0.209
C2	4 (9.3) [43]	0 (0.0)	4 (14.3)	0.2802	0.578

Continuous variables are expressed as means ± standard deviation or median (minimum–maximum). Count data are expressed as n (%). For each variable, the number of patients with non-missing data is shown in [].

Abbreviations: n, number; %, percentages; BMI, body mass index; MBP, mean blood pressure; GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NGSP, national glycohemoglobin standardization program; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M; CH50, 50% hemolytic complement activity; C3, complement component 3; C4, complement component 4; U-Prot, Urinary protein excretion; U-RBC, urinary red blood cells; HPF, high-power field; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; Max GD, maximal glomerular diameter; Max GA, maximal glomerular area; M, mesangial hypercellularity; E, endocapillary hypercellularity; S, segmental glomerulosclerosis; T, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis; C, cellular/fibrocellular crescents