(A) Heatmap of RNA-Seq analysis of the comparison between female and male mice, depleted of alveolar macrophages, following a 4-hour infection. Each column represents an individual mouse. (B) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes. (C) Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes that are downregulated in female mice compared with males. (D and E) ATP and lactate levels, respectively, in BALF following a 4-hour infection in female and male mice depleted of alveolar macrophages. n = 12. Box-and-whisker plots show mean with upper and lower quartiles, with whiskers at minimum and maximum values. (F) Bacterial counts from BALF, lung, and spleen of A. baumannii–infected mice that had been treated with rotenone or vehicle control. Control n = 8; rotenone n = 11. Graphs show means with SEM. Data are from 2 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess differences between groups.