FIG 1.

Bacteria influence the mean life spans of female and male flies. The mean life spans of flies reared in monoassociation with a panel of bacterial isolates is presented (total n = 13,350; n for each treatment is shown in Table S1A in the supplemental material). Four-character strain designations are listed in Table 1, and the phylogenetic relationship between the strains, based on 16S sequences, is shown in the tree at left. Coloring represents Acetobacter (red), non-Acetobacter Acetobacteraceae (orange), Gammaproteobacteria (green), Lactobacillus (blue), non-Lactobacillus Firmicutes (purple), bacterium free (ax; black), and 4-species gnotobiotic (gn; multicolored, containing strains atrc, apoc, lbrc, and lplc). Different lowercase letters by the bars represent statistically significant differences between treatments. d, days.