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. 2020 May 7;3:217. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0954-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Detailed enzymatic reactions and metabolic pathways of the methanol-dependent C. glutamicum. Enzymes: methanol dehydrogenase (Mdh), 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (Hps), 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase (Phi), mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (AdhE), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald), xylose isomerase (XylA), xylulokinase (XylB), ribose phosphate isomerase (RpiB), ribulose phosphate epimerase (Rpe), transketolase (Tkt), transaldolase (Tal), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; (Pgi), glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (Zwf), 6-phosphogluconolactonase (Pgl), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd). Metabolites: ribose-5-phosphate (R5P), ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P), xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P), sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (S7P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), hexulose-6-phosphate (H6P), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), 6-phospho-glucono-1,5-lactone (6PGL), and 6-phospho-gluconate (6PG). b Effects of methanol concentration on cell growth of methanol-dependent C. glutamicum MX-11. ***P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA, N = 3, P = 7.1 × 10⁻¹¹. c ALE of strain MX-11 in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 15 g/L methanol and 4 g/L xylose. The specific growth rate for each passage of ALE (the black curve) was calculated using the OD_600nm values at the initial and final time points. d Growth curve of evolved methanol-dependent strains. Strains were cultivated using CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 15 g/L methanol and 4 g/L xylose (solid lines) or only xylose (dotted lines) as the carbon source(s). Values and error bars reflect the mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates (N = 3).