Supplementary Table 1.
Risk Factors for the Composite Outcome of Death or ICU Admission in Patients Admitted With COVID-19
| Univariable |
Multivariable |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Age | 1.027 (1.017–1.037) | .000 | 1.029 (1.013–1.044) | .000 |
| Male gender | 1.442 (1.046–1.988) | .026 | 1.264 (0.818–1.954) | .291 |
| BMI | 1.011 (0.99–1.033) | .315 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White/Caucasian | Reference | |||
| Black/African-American | 0.545 (0.304–0.973) | .040 | 0.569 (0.285–1.138) | .111 |
| Asian | 1.629 (0.966–2.749) | .067 | 1.542 (0.835–2.845) | .166 |
| Other | 0.704 (0.449–1.106) | .128 | 0.962 (0.563–1.646) | .888 |
| GI manifestation at presentation | 0.629 (0.453–0.873) | .006 | 0.766 (0.487–1.204) | .248 |
| Liver injury at presentation | 2.2 (1.549–3.124) | .000 | 2.533 (1.591–4.032) | .000 |
| Preexisting comorbidities | ||||
| Number of preexisting comorbidities | 1.194 (1.076–1.324) | .001 | 1.192 (1.026–1.384) | .021 |
| IBD | 0.473 (0.132–1.694) | .250 | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 0.784 (0.321–1.917) | .594 | ||
| Solid organ transplantation | 1.024 (0.428–2.45) | .957 | ||
| Hypertension | 1.629 (1.188–2.233) | .002 | ||
| Diabetes | 1.375 (0.991–1.908) | .057 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.174 (0.767–1.797) | .460 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.919 (1.339–2.75) | .000 | ||
| COPD/Asthma | 1.224 (0.782–1.915) | .376 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 2.354 (1.23–4.506) | .010 | ||
| VTE | 1.523 (0.891–2.601) | .124 | ||
| Cancer | 0.92 (0.581–1.456) | .721 | ||
| Vital signs at presentation | ||||
| Fever | 1.316 (0.93–1.86) | .121 | ||
| Respiratory ratea | 2.612 (1.933–3.532) | .000 | 1.733 (1.152–2.607) | .008 |
| Heart ratea | 1.119 (1.033–1.212) | .006 | 1.108 (0.989–1.242) | .077 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mm Hga | 0.941 (0.843–1.05) | .273 | ||
| Hypoxia on presentation | ||||
| No | Reference | |||
| Moderate | 1.224 (0.817–1.832) | .327 | 0.901 (0.528–1.538) | .704 |
| Severe | 2.847 (1.928–4.206) | .000 | 1.678 (0.984–2.861) | .047 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| White blood cell count, × 103 | 1.039 (1.004–1.076) | .031 | ||
| Absolute lymphocyte count, × 103 | 1.033 (0.97–1.1) | .314 | ||
| Absolute neutrophil count, × 103 | 1.031 (1.014–1.049) | .000 | ||
| Platelet count, × 103 | 0.999 (0.998–1.001) | .309 | ||
| ALT, U/La | 1.007 (0.984–1.03) | .550 | ||
| AST, U/La | 1.034 (1.007–1.062) | .015 | ||
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/La | 1 (0.981–1.021) | .962 | ||
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.411 (1.044–1.907) | .025 | ||
| Albumin, g/dL | 0.744 (0.577–0.96) | .023 | ||
| Procalcitonin, ng/mLa | 1.084 (0.828–1.419) | .557 | ||
| D-dimer, ng/mLb | 1.006 (1.002–1.011) | .005 | ||
| C reactive protein, mg/dL | 1.018 (1.005–1.031) | .008 | ||
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/Lb | 1.293 (1.182–1.414) | .000 | ||
| Ferritin, ng/mLb | 1.015 (1.003–1.026) | .015 | ||
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 0.995 (0.977–1.014) | .605 | ||
| Creatine kinase, U/Lb | 1.029 (0.999–1.061) | .059 | ||
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.003 (0.998–1.007) | .233 | ||
NOTE. Values in bold indicate significance.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IL, interleukin; INR, international normalized ratio; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
a
The OR is for 10 units change in the risk factor.
b
The OR is for 100 units change in the risk factor.