Figure 3.

Examples of Pickering emulsions for interfacial catalysis. (a) Left: scheme of preparation of active enzyme–PNIPAAm conjugates to stabilize Pickering emulsions and interfacial biocatalysis, right: (a) Photograph of the emulsion. (b & c) Optical microscopy image and confocal image of the emulsion. (d) Cryo-SEM image of emulsion droplets after UV cross-linking. (e) TEM picture of emulsion droplets after solvent evaporation. (Reproduced from the study by Sun et al [66] with permission from Wiley) (b) TEM micrograph of particles mixture after dispersion in water (left) and Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) image of water-in-toluene emulsions stabilized with particles mixture (right), the inset shows a representation of the particles in water and at the surface droplets. (Reproduced from the study by Yang et al [69] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry) (c) Optical microscopy images of w/o emulsions stabilized with microgels and various amounts of silica nanoparticles. (Reproduced from the study by Jiang et al [68] with permission from American Chemical Society) (d) Left to right, scheme of wettability adjustment of E@Alg@s-TiO₂ microparticles at the water–hexane interface by the chain length of grafted silane, optical microscopy image of interfacial catalysis system of the water-in-hexane Pickering emulsion stabilized by the microparticles, conversion comparison of the interfacial catalysis, respectively. (Reproduced from the study by Yang et al [67] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry) (e) Left to right, illustration of the concept of a liquid−solid hybrid catalyst and its utilization in continuous flow reactions, comparison of specific activity of the kinetic resolution of the alcohols over the liquid–solid hybrid catalysts with different enzyme loadings, respectively. (Reproduced from the study by Zhang et al [72] with permission from American Chemical Society).