Table 2.
Recent Studies on Dry Reforming of Biogas to Syngas (the Unit gcat Refers to Grams of Catalyst)
| Catalyst | Reaction Conditions | CH4 Conv. (%) | CO2 Conv. (%) | H2/CO | Coke Rate (gcoke/(gcat∗h)) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni/SrZrO3 | 700–900°C, CH4/CO2/He = 1/0.5/18.5, 1 bar, quartz reactor | 43–55 | 86–99 | ~1.0 | 0.018–0.042 | (Evans et al., 2014) |
| Ni/Al2O3 | 750°C, CH4/CO2 = 1/1, 18,000 mL(STP)∗g−1h−1, Inconel tubular reactor | 65–97 | – | – | [7.5 × 10−4, 8.1 × 10−4] | (Lee et al., 2003a) |
| 5Ni-10W/Al2O3 | 750°C, CH4/CO2/Ar = 1/1/1, 36,000 mL∗g−1h−1, 1 bar, quartz tubular fixed-bed reactor | 60 | ~75 | ~0.8 | – | (Arbag et al., 2015) |
| Ni@SiO2 | 750°C, CH4/CO2/N2 = 1/1/2, 48,000 mL(STP)∗g−1h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed reactor | ~71 | ~58 | ~0.7 | 4.9 × 10−4 | (Zhang and Li, 2015) |
| Ir/Al2O3 | 750°C, CH4/CO2 = 1/1.8, 9,000 h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | ~90 | ~68 | ~1.0 | – | (Yentekakis et al., 2015) |
| Ir/Zr0.92Y0.08O2-δ | 750°C, CH4/CO2 = 1/1.8, 11,000 h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | ~87 | ~65 | ~1.0 | – | (Yentekakis et al., 2015) |
| Ir/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ | 750°C, CH4/CO2 = 1/1.8, 18,000 h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | ~90 | ~63 | ~0.9 | – | (Yentekakis et al., 2015) |
| Ni-Mg PSNTS (phyllosilicate nanotubes) | 750°C, CH4/CO2/He = 1/1/1, 60,000 mL∗g−1h−1, 1 bar, quartz tube reactor | ~85 | ~89 | ~0.7 | 0.022 | (Bian et al., 2016) |
| Ni-Mg PSNTS@silica | 750°C, CH4/CO2/He = 1/1/1, 60,000 mL∗g−1h−1, 1 bar, quartz tube reactor | 85 | 89 | 0.8 | Negligible | (Bian et al., 2016) |
| Ni-Y/KIT-6 | 750°C, CH4/CO2/Ar = 1/1/8, 20,000 h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | ~65 | ~72 | ~0.8 | – | (Świrk et al., 2019) |
| Ru/SiO2 | 700°C, CH4/CO2/Ar = 1/1/8, 10,000 mL∗g−1h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | ~93 | ~93 | ~1.0 | 3.8 × 10−4 | (Das et al., 2019) |
| Sr0.92Y0.08Ti1-xRuxO3-d | 800°C, CH4/CO2/N2 = 1/1/2, 12,000 h−1,1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | ~82 | ~90 | ~0.9 | – | (Kim et al., 2019a) |
| La(Co0.1Ni0.9)0.5Fe0.5O3 | 750°C, CH4/CO2 = 1/1, 12,000 mL∗g−1h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | 70 | 80 | ~0.9 | Negligible | (Wang et al., 2019) |
| Rh/Al2O3 | 750°C, CH4/CO2 = 1/1, 120,000 mL∗g−1h−1, 1 bar, fixed-bed quartz reactor | ~80 | ~88 | ~1.0 | 8.8 × 10−4 | (Yentekakis et al., 2019) |