Figure 1.

Workflow. Six‐week‐old rats were conducted MWM test from day 3 to day 7 with the hidden platform in the water tank, and then, spatial memory and cognition were examined by MWM at day 8 without the hidden platform. From day 9 to day 16, all rats were administrated with or without sleep deprivation, as well as treatment, respectively, with PP/ES or saline from day 9 to day 23. Pearl powder (2.5 mg/kg/d) and estazolam (0.13 mg/kg/d) in saline, the same volume of saline was administered in groups of CTL and SD. Afterwards, the MWM training (days 18‐22) and test (day 23) were performed for another 6 d again. Then, the rats were killed and hippocampus tissues were collected for proteomic and other analyses