FIGURE 4.

The mitochondrial poisoning by atRAL is partially rescued by IP‐DHA in ARPE‐19. A and B, mitochondrial poisoning by atRAL is partially rescued by IP‐DHA. Respirometry estimates the rates of oxygen consumption which is governed by the mitochondrial respiratory complex chain. The respiration driven by (A) and enzymatic activities of (C) complexes I, II and IV were severely affected by 25 μmol/L atRAL but co‐treatment with IP‐DHA (40 μmol/L) significantly rescues both parameters. Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n ≥ 4). B, mitochondrial mass was not affected by treatment as demonstrated by a constant immunodetection of VDAC (outer mitochondrial membrane ion channel). ^# P < .05, ^## P < .01, ^### P < .001 vs untreated CTL, and *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 vs atRAL‐treated cells