Fig. 5.

MCU OE cones have increased IDH and α-KGDH activity. a Diagram showing how labelled carbons from U-¹³C-glucose are incorporated through glycolysis and the first round of the TCA cycle. Shaded = labeled carbon, empty = unlabeled carbon. b Levels of isotopomers in WT and MCU OE retinas supplied with U-¹³C-glucose. “m” signifies the number of ¹³C-labeled carbons in each metabolite. “m2” TCA cycle metabolites are made from one round of the TCA cycle. Data points represent averages from n = 3 retinas from three different fish. Fish were 4 months of age. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 using Welch’s t-test. Bars = standard error. c Diagram showing how labelled carbons from U-¹³C-glutamine are incorporated into α-ketoglutarate and downstream metabolites. Shaded = labeled carbon, empty = unlabeled carbon. d Levels of isotopomers in WT and MCU retinas supplied with 2 mM ¹³C-glutamine for 15 min. Data points represent averages from n = 3 retinas from three different fish. Fish were 4 months of age. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 using Welch’s t-test. Bars = standard error