Table 2.
World-Wide UAS regulations.
| Global Appliance |
Initial Regulations |
Operational Requirements |
Flight Path |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continent | Country | Weight (<25 Kg) | Requirements | Weight (>25 KG) | Requirements | Spatial Restriction | Radio Communication | Visual Line of Sight | Safety Features | Insurance | Privacy | Jurisdiction | Registration & Labelling | Flight Authorisation Details | Operator Qualification |
| Europe | France | If applied | No special permit | If applied | Subject to EU-Level regulation | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | 100m-1km | Design certificate, call-to-base | Local law | No specified privacy regulation | National government | Operators name, address, telephone | Description of flights & undertaken safety measures | Theoretical competence certificate |
| United Kingdom | If applied | License requirements | If applied | Airworthiness & flight-crew requirements | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | 35 MHz/ Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Direct unaided visual contact | Design certificate, call-to-base | Liability insurance | Restricted recording of individuals | Local government | Name, address, date-of-birth, purpose | Predefined path, usage purpose & details | Proof of experience, knowledge & training | |
| Germany | If applied | Specific flight authorisation permit | If applied | Not authorised | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | 100m-1km | Design certificate, call-to-base | Liability insurance | Restricted recording of individuals | Local government | Name, address, date-of-birth, purpose | Predefined path, usage purpose & details | Proof of experience, knowledge & training | |
| Poland | If applied | No registration | If applied | Permit is required W/O restriction | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Allowed beyond VLOS | Design certificate, call-to-base | Liability insurance | Unspecified | Local government | Name, address, details | Predefined path, usage purpose & details | Medical checkup, theoretical & practical tests | |
| Sweden | If applied | Depending on use | If applied | License from Swedish Transport Agency (STA) | Not authorised | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS | Liability insurance | Restricted recording of individuals | Swedish Post & Telecom Authority-Local government | Name, address, number, license, registration number | Embedded emergency device, enabled UAS shutdown system | Adult, less than 67, medical checkup, obtain an STA certificate | |
| Ukraine | If applied | No registration | If applied | Must be registered | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS | Unspecified | Not required | No firm restrictions | Local government | Name, address, phone number, purpose | Purpose of use | National, adult | |
| Oceania | Australia | If applied | No permit needed | If applied | Remote pilot license or operator certificate | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS unless approved | Design certificate, call-to-base | Liability insurance | Restricted recording of individuals | Local government | Name, address, date-of-birth, purpose | Predefined path, usage purpose & details | Aside certificate, complete certain UAS flying hours |
| New Zealand | If applied | Must be inspected & approved | If applied | Unmanned aircraft operator certificate | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | BVLOS if certified | Design certificate, call-to-base, emergency landing | Liability insurance | New Zealand privacy Act | Civil Aviation Authority-Department of Conservation | Name, address, date-of-birth, purpose | Physical location, risk/hazard assessment, aircraft details | Evidence of license, skill, knowledge & experience to operate a UAS | |
| Asia | China | If applied | Not required | If applied | Interim UAS regulation provisions | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | VLOS daytime, BVLOS for emergencies | Not enforced | Not always applied | Still debatable | China’s civil flight regulatory | Name, address, phone number | Flight purpose, filmed locations, flight path | National, adult, licensed |
| Japan | If applied | Must be licensed | If applied | Not authorised/permit required | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS | Design certificate, call-to-base | Liability insurance | Restricted recording of individuals & places | Local government | Name, address & purpose | Predefined path, usage purpose & details | National, adult, Proof of license & experience | |
| Middle East | Lebanon | If applied | Flight license | If applied | Prohibited/forbidden | Military installations, airports, prisons, police stations | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS daytime | To be applied | N/A | Forbidden to record individuals/places | Ministry of Defense | Name, date-of-birth, address, job, flight date | Predefined path, specified date, aircraft type & location | Licensed & experienced pperator |
| Israel | If applied | Subject to extensive regulations | If applied | Subject to extensive regulations | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS daytime | Design certificate, call-to-base, emergency landing | Liability insurance | Forbidden to record individuals/places | Israeli Civil Aviation Agency-Local Government | Only owned by authorised citizens & incorporation, fire-resistant plates, aircraft type, model & serial number | Predefined path, location, type, place & purpose | National, adult, location, work, address, authorised, operator characteristics | |
| Africa | South Africa | If applied | Approval letter, registration certification, & UAS operator certificate | If applied | Not authorised/special permit | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | BVLOS if certified | Design certificate, call-to-base | Liability insurance | To be applied | Civil Aviation Authority-Local Government | National, nationality & registration marks | Approval letter, flight purpose, registration certificate, UAV design type | Medical assessment, evidence of training completion, adult, security background check |
| America | Canada | If applied | No permit needed | If applied | Special flight operations certificate | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS | Design certificate, call-to-base, safe landing | Local government | Liability insurance | Restricted recording of individuals/places | Name, address, date-of-birth, purpose | Predefined path, usage purpose & details | Adult, special flight operations certificate |
| United States | If applied | License/permit | If applied | Not authorised/special permit | Military installations, airports, prisons, nuclear power plants | Standard 2.4–5 GHz | Within VLOS | Design certificate, call-to-base, safe landing | Federal Aviation Administration | Liability insurance | Restricted recording of individuals | Name, address, date-of-birth, purpose | Predefined path, Usage purpose & details | Adult, flight certificate | |