Table 3.
Univariate analyses of the association between clinical characteristics and the risk of ARDS or death in hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
| Variable | Outcome: ARDS |
Outcome: death |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sex | 0.68 (0.29–1.61) | 0.39 | 1.05 (0.41–2.78) | 0.93 |
| History of hypertension | 0.37 (0.05–1.83) | 0.25 | 0.27 (0.05–1.31) | 0.1 |
| History of cardiac failure | 6.22 (1.85–28.6) | 0.007 | 1.04 (0.3–3.2) | 0.94 |
| History of diabetes | 1.7 (0.75–3.9) | 0.21 | 1.7 (0.69–4.2) | 0.25 |
| History of peripheral vascular disease | 1.27 (0.49–3.36) | 0.63 | 0.91 (0.29–2.56) | 0.86 |
| History of ischemic cardiac disease | 5.61 (1.65–25.9) | 0.01 | 3.11 (1.02–9.6) | 0.05 |
| History of COPD | 1 (0.26–3.84) | 1 | 1.07 (0.22–4.2) | 0.92 |
| History of cancer | 1.88 (0.53–7.64) | 0.34 | 1.5 (0.36–5.4) | 0.55 |
| Type dialysis (HDF vs. HD) | 0.43 (0.16–1.14) | 0.097 | 1.12 (0.38–3.05) | 0.83 |
| Age (>70 yr vs. ≤70 yr) | 2.18 (0.96–5) | 0.065 | 1.85 (0.75–4.78) | 0.18 |
| Fever at disease diagnosis | 18.2 (5.6–82.4) | 0.000013 | 18.7 (3.62–123) | 0.005 |
| Cough at disease diagnosis | 1.61 (0.62–4.37) | 0.33 | 3.5 (1.28–9.7) | 0.01 |
| Shortness of breath at disease diagnosis | 18.17 (4.8–119.5) | 0.0002 | 5.3 (2–15) | 0.001 |
| Myalgia or fatigue at disease diagnosis | 5.6 (1.65–25.9) | 0.01 | 2.26 (0.72–6.9) | 0.15 |
| Infiltrates at chest X-ray at disease diagnosis | 4.4 (1.67–13) | 0.004 | 2.9 (0.95–11) | 0.08 |
| WBC (≤5 ×103/ul vs. >5 ×103/ul) | 1.2 (0.52–1.8) | 0.66 | 1.82 (0.73–4.6) | 0.2 |
| Lymphocytes (≤0.75 ×103/ul vs. >0.75 ×103/ul) | 1.76 (0.75–4.2) | 0.19 | 1.5 (0.59–3.9) | 0.4 |
| Platelets (≤150 ×103/ul vs. >150 ×103/ul) | 1.43 (0.62–3.37) | 0.41 | 1.9 (0.75–4.8) | 0.17 |
| LDH (>250 U/l vs. ≤250 U/l) | 0.99 (0.32–3.11) | 0.99 | 0.71 (0.18–2.7) | 0.62 |
| AST (>25 U/l vs. ≤25 U/l) | 2.81 (1.08–7.6) | 0.04 | 1.85 (0.66–5.3) | 0.24 |
| ALT (>20 U/l vs. ≤20 U/l) | 1.73 (0.67–4.69) | 0.25 | 2.5 (0.88–7) | 0.085 |
| CRP (>50 mg/l vs. ≤50 mg/l) | 4.68 (1.83–12.7) | 0.002 | 6 (2.1–19) | 0.001 |
| Antiviral therapy | 1.29 (0.48–3.55) | 0.62 | 0.39 (0.14–1.11) | 0.08 |
| Time from symptoms to antiviral commencement (≤5 vs. >5) | 2.09 (0.65–7.51) | 0.23 | 0.55 (0.11–2.1) | 0.41 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 1.16 (0.44–3.12) | 0.76 | 0.44 (0.16–1.24) | 0.12 |
Bold data refer to statistically significant P values.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; CRP, C-reactive protein; HD, hemodialysis; HDF, hemodiafiltration; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; OR, odds ratio; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; WBC, white blood cell.