Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study samples. A total of 4512 sets of neuropsychological tests from 2091 participants were included.
| Characteristics | Healthy control (n=3514) | Alzheimer disease (n=555) | Non-Alzheimer dementia (n=443) | |||||
| Age at neuropsychological exam (years) | ||||||||
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Mean (SD) | 79 (6) | 85 (6) | 84 (6) | ||||
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Range | 70-101 | 70-103 | 70-97 | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 1521 (43.3) | 179 (32.3) | 220 (49.7) | |||||
| Highest level of education attaineda | ||||||||
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High school and below, n (%)b | 1491 (42.5) | 358 (65.2) | 241 (54.5) | ||||
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Beyond high school, n (%)b | 2019 (57.5) | 191 (34.8) | 201 (45.5) | ||||
| ApoE4c allele | ||||||||
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ApoE4(−), n (%)b | 2794 (82.9) | 346 (65.3) | 327 (79.2) | ||||
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ApoE4(+), n (%)b | 575 (17.1) | 184 (34.7) | 86 (20.8) | ||||
| Neuropsychological test scores, mean (SD) | ||||||||
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Verbal memory | |||||||
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Logical Memory Immediate Recall | 11.2 (3.7) | 4.8 (3.8) | 7.9 (3.9) | |||
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Logical Memory Delayed Recall | 10.2 (3.9) | 3.0 (4.0) | 6.5 (4.1) | |||
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Logical Memory Recognition | 9.4 (1.4) | 7.1 (2.3) | 8.5 (1.7) | |||
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Visual memory | |||||||
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Visual Reproductions Immediate Recall | 7.1 (3.0) | 3.1 (2.3) | 4.0 (2.5) | |||
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Visual Reproductions Delayed Recall | 6.1 (3.1) | 1.6 (1.9) | 2.7 (2.4) | |||
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Visual Reproductions Recognition | 2.6 (1.1) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.1) | |||
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New learning | |||||||
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Paired Associate Learning Immediate Recall | 12.8 (3.3) | 8.4 (2.9) | 9.9 (2.8) | |||
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Hard score of Paired Associate Learning Delayed Recall | 2.0 (1.3) | 0.5 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.1) | |||
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Hard Score of Paired Associate Learning Immediate Recall | 4.4 (3.0) | 1.1 (1.7) | 2.0 (2.0) | |||
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Abstract reasoning | |||||||
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Similarities Test | 15.5 (3.9) | 9.8 (5.0) | 11.6 (4.7) | |||
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Language and naming | |||||||
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Boston Naming Test, 30-item Even Version | 26.1 (3.4) | 19.4 (5.9) | 22.3 (5.4) | |||
aValid education data (n): Healthy control (3510); Alzheimer disease (549); Non-Alzheimer dementia (442).
bValues were calculated based on the subset with valid data.
cApoE4: Apolipoprotein E4. Participants who did not consent to genetic analyses or with no ApoE4 information were excluded. Valid genetic data (n): Healthy control (3369); Alzheimer disease (530); Non-Alzheimer dementia (413).