Table 1.

Overview of applied behavior change techniques for each determinant of physical activity behavior.

Concept		Behavior change techniques
All health messages		Repetition of answer Positive reinforcement (high, mediuma) Showing empathy or respect (low)
Determinant
	Cognizance and behavior	Feedback (meets the physical activity norm?) Provision of information) Persuasive communication
	Knowledge	Feedback on performance Provision of information (chunking)
	Risk perception (susceptibility and severity)	Personalized risk Provision of information on the consequences of diabetes mellitus or inactivity Problem solving, self-efficacy–enhancing conclusion
	Attitude pros	Feedback on participants’ perception of pros Counterpersuasion (low, medium) Gain framing Affective arguments Social modeling, peer reference
	Attitude cons	Counterpersuasion (low, medium) Affective and cognitive arguments Problem solving Creation of positive image
	Social influence (support, modeling, norm)	Self-efficacy–enhancing questions to enable people to mobilize social support, find modeling examples, and think about their perceived social norm Creation of positive image
	Self-efficacy	Provision of information Barrier identification Problem solving (create a plan)
	Intention	Respect of autonomy (low) Counterpersuasion (low) Provision of information on making an action plan or setting goals
	Preparatory plans	Provision of information on the pros of making a preparatory plan Provision of information on how to make a plan (tips): If-then format (goal setting) SMARTb principles (goal setting) Graded activity Summarizing the most important information
	Coping plans	Provision of information on how to make a coping plan (tips): If-then format (goal setting) Mobilization of social supports Summarizing the most important information

^aLow, medium, and high refer to the specific health message in which the behavior change technique is applied for people with a low, medium, or high score on the different determinants.

^bSMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound.