(A) Fraction of surviving wild-type Salmonella (14028s) carrying pATPase or the pVector control following 24 h exposure to cefotaxime (200 μg/mL) or ciprofloxacin (2 μg/mL). (B) Bacterial growth (left y-axis, solid lines) and ATP levels (right y-axis, dashed lines) of wild-type Salmonella (14028s) exposed to chloramphenicol at 120 min (red lines) or not exposed to chloramphenicol (black lines). Fraction of surviving (C) wild-type (14028s) or (D)
relA::Tn10 spoT (MP342) Salmonella following cefotaxime or ciprofloxacin exposure in the presence or absence of chloramphenicol (50 μg/mL). Error bars represent standard deviations (N = 8 biological replicates). For (A), (C) and (D), note log scale of y axis. Wilcoxon rank-sum test between pVector and pATPase (A) or untreated and untreated populations (C) and (D): ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.