Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Assumptions of a Mendelian randomization analysis for lifestyle factors and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Broken lines represent potential pleiotropic or direct causal effects between variables that would violate Mendelian randomization assumptions. MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, VPA = vigorous physical activity; CAD = coronary artery disease, MI = myocardial infarction
