Table 1.
Univariate analysis for demographic and preoperative data between the favorable and unfavorable outcome groups in 1-year postoperative according to the PRO score and MCID method
| Characteristics | PRO score method (patients) | MCID method (patients) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favorable Outcome (84) | Unfavorable Outcome (147) | P value | Favorable Outcome (128) | Unfavorable Outcome (103) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 9.1 | 67.9 ± 9.0 | 0.026 | 66.63 ± 9.18 | 67.32 ± 9.11 | 0.566 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.84 ± 4.16 | 25.36 ± 3.38 | 0.343 | 25.73 ± 4.03 | 25.30 ± 3.20 | 0.375 |
| Sex (Male: Female) | 38:46 | 33:114 | < 0.001 | 38:90 | 33:70 | 0.404 |
| Type of surgery | ||||||
| Fusion | 48 | 88 | 0.395 | 79 | 57 | 0.199 |
| Decompression | 36 | 59 | 49 | 46 | ||
| Level of Surgery | ||||||
| 1 | 72 | 121 | 0.216 | 107 | 86 | 0.470 |
| 2 | 12 | 23 | 20 | 15 | ||
| 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Elementary school | 9 | 45 | 0.005 | 27 | 27 | 0.190 |
| Middle school | 22 | 38 | 38 | 22 | ||
| High school | 27 | 33 | 35 | 25 | ||
| University | 25 | 29 | 28 | 26 | ||
| Unknown | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 47 | 99 | 0.091 | 82 | 64 | 0.785 |
| Diabetes | 25 | 39 | 0.648 | 37 | 27 | 0.661 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2 | 8 | 0.334 | 5 | 5 | 0.755 |
| Kidney | 1 | 6 | 0.427 | 4 | 3 | 1.000 |
| Stroke | 3 | 6 | 1.016 | 4 | 5 | 0.517 |
| Liver disease | 0 | 1 | 1.000 | 0 | 1 | 0.446 |
| Smoking history | ||||||
| Current smoker | 7 | 9 | 0.322 | 9 | 7 | 0.885 |
| Ex-smoker | 14 | 16 | 16 | 14 | ||
| No smoking | 63 | 119 | 102 | 80 | ||
| Unknown | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Preoperative VAS for back pain | 5.48 ± 2.82 | 6.39 ± 2.49 | 0.012 | 6.52 ± 2.63 | 5.49 ± 2.57 | 0.003 |
| Preoperative VAS for leg pain | 6.79 ± 2.40 | 7.19 ± 2.27 | 0.196 | 7.34 ± 2.32 | 6.68 ± 2.29 | 0.031 |
| Preoperative ODI | 41.38 ± 15.44 | 48.28 ± 17.05 | 0.002 | 53.05 ± 16.47 | 36.74 ± 12.20 | < 0.001 |
Mean ± standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; level of surgery, how many segments the surgery involved; PRO score method divided the patients into favorable and unfavorable outcome groups by ODI scores ≤22 and ODI scores > 22, respectively; MCID method divided the patients into more and less-improved outcome groups based on a decrease in ODI scores by greater than 12.8 or less; VAS Visual analog scale (0–10); ODI (%) Oswestry disability index (0–100)