Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants by the NLR level quartiles.
| NLR level | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Quartile 1 (≤1.382) |
Quartile 2 (>1.382, ≤1.777) |
Quartile 3 (>1.777, ≤2.319) |
Quartile 4 (>2.319) |
P for trend |
| N | 1194 | 1211 | 1198 | 1194 | / |
| Age (yr) | 66.16 ± 8.38 | 67.06 ± 8.61 | 66.69 ± 8.40 | 68.73 ± 9.04 | <0.001 |
| Men (%) | 38.9 | 43.8 | 48.2 | 53.6 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (yr) | 8 (3-15) | 8 (3-15) | 8 (3-15) | 10 (5-18) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 14.3 | 18.4 | 19.7 | 19.9 | <0.001 |
| Beyond high school education (%) | 53.7 | 52.6 | 52.2 | 48.6 | 0.016 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.67 ± 3.51 | 25.07 ± 3.60 | 25.26 ± 3.58 | 24.84 ± 3.67 | 0.134 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.46 ± 2.13 | 7.66 ± 2.40 | 7.90 ± 2.45 | 8.06 ± 2.77 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.40 ± 1.34 | 7.47 ± 1.36 | 7.54 ± 1.40 | 7.55 ± 1.41 | 0.005 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.38 ± 1.19 | 5.13 ± 1.18 | 5.05 ± 1.19 | 4.90 ± 1.19 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.60 (1.11-2.32) | 1.53 (1.11-2.25) | 1.57 (1.13-2.17) | 1.46 (1.06-2.10) | 0.215 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.25 ± 0.30 | 1.21 ± 0.28 | 1.19 ± 0.29 | 1.17 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.33 ± 0.85 | 3.17 ± 0.84 | 3.12 ± 0.83 | 3.01 ± 0.84 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 74.3 | 78.1 | 79.3 | 82.8 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 60.1 | 62.4 | 63.8 | 62.6 | 0.169 |
| CCA plaque (%) | 27.9 | 34.3 | 34.7 | 39.2 | <0.001 |
| CVD (%) | 34.4 | 34.7 | 37.2 | 41.9 | <0.001 |
| ACR (mg/g) | 11 (7-21) | 12 (7-27) | 14 (8-34) | 17 (9-44) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 94.17 ± 14.70 | 92.82 ± 15.57 | 92.35 ± 16.51 | 87.30 ± 20.12 | <0.001 |
| DKD (%) | 16.6 | 23.4 | 28.1 | 33.8 | <0.001 |
| DR (%) | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 16.9 | 0.296 |
| NPDR (%) | 14.8 | 17.0 | 18.0 | 16.4 | 0.327 |
| PDR (%) | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.601 |
| Leukocyte (×10 9/L) | 6.02 ± 1.51 | 6.26 ± 1.53 | 6.57 ± 1.54 | 7.02 ± 1.88 | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (×10 9/L) | 2.60 ± 0.76 | 2.21 ± 0.55 | 1.99 ± 0.48 | 1.61 ± 0.44 | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils (×10 9/L) | 2.88 ± 0.76 | 3.48 ± 0.87 | 4.00 ± 0.96 | 4.81 ± 1.45 | <0.001 |
| NLR | 1.13 ± 0.19 | 1.58 ± 0.12 | 2.02 ± 0.15 | 3.08 ± 0.89 | <0.001 |
The data are summarized as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables or as a numerical proportion for categorical variables. P for trend was calculated by regression tests. NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; CCA: common carotid artery; CVD: cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; ACR: albumin to creatinine ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular infiltration rate; DKD: diabetic kidney disease; DR: diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy.