Table 1.

Comparison of the pseudographitic structure and hierarchical pore structures of B-d-CMs and their electrochemical performance in various EES devices.

Biomass materials	d 002 (nm)	IG/ID	S BET (m2 g−1)	V t (cm3 g−1)	Hierarchical porous structure	Energy applications	Capacity (current density)	Capacity (high current density)	Ref.
Banana peel	0.39	0.92	130	0.19	No	SIBs	355 mAh g−1 (50 mA g−1)	238 mAh g−1 (0.5 a g−1)	[28]
Shaddock peel	0.38	0.57	538	—	No	SIBs	287.3 mAh g−1 (50 mA g−1)	205.6 mAh g−1 (0.5 a g−1)	[104]
Pith/chitosan	0.57	1.00	1786	0.82	No	Supercapacitors	339 F g−1 (0.25 a g−1)	280 F g−1 (100 a g−1)	[101]
Cornstalk	0.34	1.40	788	0.63	No	Supercapacitors	—	213 F g−1 (1 A g−1)	[102]
Peanut skin	0.37	—	2500	1.69	Yes	SIBs	431 mAh g−1 (0.1 a g−1)	47 mAh g−1 (10 a g−1)	[29]
Prawn shell	—	—	336	—	Yes	SIBs	325 mAh g−1 (0.1 a g−1)	107 mAh g−1 (2 a g−1)	[44]
Natural silk	—	1.15	2494	2.28	Yes	Supercapacitors	242 F g−1 (0.1 A g−1)	155 F g−1 (10 A g−1)	[113]
Cotton stalk	—	—	1481	1.21	Yes	Supercapacitors	114 F g−1 (0.5 a g−1)	98 F g−1 (2 a g−1)	[114]
Rice husks	—	—	525	0.49	Yes	Li-S batteries	1023 mAh g−1 (1.0 C)	500 mAh g−1 (5.0 C)	[80]
Soybean	—	—	1500	0.70	Yes	Li-S batteries	950 mAh g−1 (0.2 C)	460 mAh g−1 (0.5 C)	[115]