. 2020 Jan-Mar;32(1):123–132. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20200018

Table 4.

Risk factors used in clinical prediction models for acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit across studies

Characteristics	Malhotra et al.⁽²⁵⁾	Flechet et al.^*⁽²⁶⁾	Deng et al.^†⁽²⁸⁾	Chiofolo et al.⁽²⁹⁾	Zimmerman et al.^‡⁽³⁰⁾	Total
Demographic variables
Age		✓		✓	✓	3
Gender			✓		✓	2
Ethnicity					✓	1
Chronic variables
Baseline SCr		✓				1
Hypertension	✓					1
Diabetes		✓				1
Chronic kidney disease	✓					1
Chronic liver disease	✓		✓			2
Congestive heart failure	✓					1
Atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease	✓					1
Acute variables
pH value	✓			✓		2
Mechanical ventilation	✓				✓	2
Hemoglobin level	✓				✓	2
Surgical medical category		✓				1
Planned admission		✓	✓			2
Blood glucose upon ICU admission		✓				1
Hemodynamic support upon ICU admission		✓				1
Maximum lactate		✓				1
Bilirubin		✓				1
Creatinine level		✓	✓		✓	3
APACHE II score		✓				1
Nephrotoxic drugs	✓					1
Sepsis	✓	✓	✓			3
Blood urea nitrogen				✓	✓	2
Noninvasive diastolic blood pressure				✓		1
Temperature				✓		1
Noninvasive mean arterial blood pressure				✓		1
Hematocrit				✓		1
Sodium level				✓		1
Potassium level				✓	✓	2
Calcium level					✓	1
Estimated GFR				✓	✓	2
Median urine output at 12 hours				✓		1
Median urine output at 24 hours				✓		1
Shock index based on noninvasive diastolic blood pressure				✓		1
Shock index based on invasive diastolic blood pressure				✓		1
Pulse pressure				✓		1
Delivered tidal volume				✓		1
Partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio				✓		1
Net fluid balance				✓		1
Cumulative dose of normal saline				✓		1
Systolic blood pressure					✓	1
SpO₂					✓	1
Bicarbonate level					✓	1
Platelet count					✓	1
Partial thromboplastin time					✓	1
International normalized ratio					✓	1

SCr - serum creatinine; ICU - intensive care unit; APACHE - Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; GFR - glomerular filtration rate; SpO₂: oxygen saturation.

Data from Flechet et al. are only reported for the prediction model for any acute kidney injury on the first day;

^†

data from Deng et al. are only reported for the prediction model for any acute kidney injury;

^‡

data from Zimmerman et al. are only reported for the multivariate logistic regression model derived with backward selection.