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. 2019 Nov 20;18(6):1348–1350. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13293

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The Cas9 variant‐based genome‐editing tools expanding the target scope in rice. (a) Diagrams of genome editing using four Cas9 variants. NLS: nuclear localization signal. (b) Targeted mutation efficiencies and patterns by four Cas9 variants at different PAMs. Ho: homozygous mutation; He: heterozygous mutation; Bi: biallelic mutation. (c) The phenotype of glutinous rice grains (with white colour endosperm) by knocking out OsWaxy with eCas9‐NG. Sequencing showed a ‘T’ insertion (arrowed) in the coding region of OsWaxy. (d) Diagrams of four CBE4 editors and their cytosine base‐editing efficiencies. NA: not available. (e, f) Detailed target sequences, edited positions and editing windows of C to T editing by the CBE4 editors. (g) Diagrams of four ABE7.10 editors and their adenine base‐editing efficiencies. (h, i) Detailed target sequences, edited positions and editing windows of A to G editing by the ABE7.10 editors. (j) Sequencing chromatogram of some base‐editing examples by the CBE4 or ABE7.10 editors in transgenic rice. (k) The frequencies of various mutation types induced by CBE4 or ABE7.10 editors in all mutants. Trans: transversion; InDel: insertion/deletion.