Figure 4.

Candidate region associated with leaf rust resistance on chromosome 1A in a hybrid wheat population and narrowed down using an independent validation population. Manhattan plots showing the significant exome associations for additive effects underlying leaf rust within a candidate region on chromosome 1A found in: (a) a hybrid wheat population of 1574 hybrids plus their 118 female and 15 male parent lines and (b) a validation population of 128 hybrids plus their 24 female and 16 male parent lines. –log₁₀(P‐value)s of the significance test of additive effects are plotted against physical positions on chromosome 1A. Red horizontal dot‐dashed lines indicate the multiple test‐corrected significance thresholds for association analysis. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated in the two data sets are shown as blue points and other SNPs are shown as red points. The genes with annotated resistance function and others are shown as vertical boxes in blue and grey, respectively. The upper‐triangular halves of the linkage disequilibrium (LD, as r ²) matrices between SNPs within the candidate region are shown as heat maps below Manhattan plots. Blue stars in LD plots indicate the physical positions of SNPs with significant associations.