8. Secondary outcome ‐ cost effectiveness.

Study	Measure of costs	Outcome
Bernsten 2001	Direct costs of the study, including additional time spent by pharmacists, costs associated with contacts with other health professionals, costs of hospitalisation and drugs	Average cost per patient (saving): Denmark: 1298.13 vs 1419.88 (+121.75) Germany: 2992.25 vs 3167.25 (+175.00) Northern Ireland: 735.22 vs 750.01 (+14.79) Sweden: 1266.76 vs 1250.34 (‐16.42)
Bond 2007	Total NHS‐related study costs, including costs of intervention and other treatment (e.g. medicines, hospital, other health consultations)	Median cost (IQR): 970.5 (667.0 to 1489.0) vs 835.2 (534.4 to 1396.3) Median (IQR) cost of intervention alone (pharmacist time and training): 90 (60 to 118)
Lipton 1994	Medicare Part B charges, total hospital inpatient charges	Total charges: mean ± SD 2769 ± 4789 vs 2598 ± 3722 Inpatient charges: mean ± SD 5472 ± 10904 vs 5263 ± 11478
Lopez Cabezas 2006	Hospitalisation costs, adding in intervention direct costs, delivered materials and time spent by the pharmacist	Average cost per patient: 997 vs 1575

Outcome results presented as intervention group vs usual care group unless otherwise stated.

IQR: interquartile ratio.

NHS: National Health Service.

SD: standard deviation.