Table 4:

Hierarchical regression model results^*

Variable	Point estimate (95% CI)
Patient level
Sex
Female (reference)
Male	1.42 (1.39–1.45)
Age group, yr
≤ 17	0.04 (0.03–0.05)
18–44	0.24 (0.23–0.26)
45–74	0.75 (0.73–0.76)
≥ 75 (reference)
Health authority
Vancouver Coastal Health (reference)
Interior Health	1.44 (1.26–1.64)
Fraser Health	1.15 (1.10–1.21)
Vancouver Island Health Authority	1.35 (1.17–1.54)
Northern Health	1.68 (1.36–2.06)
Income quintile
Q1 (lowest)	1.15 (1.11–1.19)
Q2	1.12 (1.09–1.16)
Q3	1.11 (1.07–1.15)
Q4	1.05 (1.02–1.09)
Q5 (highest) (reference)
No. of eligible incentives (at start of study period)
1	0.33 (0.33–0.34)
2 (reference)
3	2.49 (2.38–2.61)
4	5.87 (5.00–6.89)
Date of diagnosis of first eligible condition(s)
2010 (reference)
1–4 yr prior (2006–2009)	1.22 (1.18–1.27)
≥ 5 yr prior (2005 or earlier)	2.01 (1.94–2.08)
Non–fee-for-service encounter
Yes	0.89 (0.86–0.91)
No (reference)
No. of primary care physician contacts
1–6 (reference)
7–12	8.92 (7.39–10.77)
13–24	48.96 (40.86–58.68)
25–48	107.42 (89.59–128.79)
> 48	134.77 (112.27–161.78)
No. of primary care physicians seen
1–2 (reference)
3–4	0.95 (0.91–0.98)
≥ 5	0.82 (0.78–0.85)
Usual provider continuity index (continuity of care)	1.31 (1.30–1.32)
Physician level
Sex
Female (reference)
Male	0.86 (0.77–0.95)
Age group, yr
< 35	1.44 (1.11–1.88)
35–44	1.34 (1.17–1.54)
45–54 (reference)
55–64	0.83 (0.74–0.94)
≥ 65	0.70 (0.60–0.81)
Health authority
Vancouver Coastal Health (reference)
Interior Health	1.02 (0.85–1.23)
Fraser Health	1.11 (0.97–1.26)
Vancouver Island Health Authority	1.14 (0.94–1.37)
Northern Health	1.32 (0.99–1.77)
Total billings	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
No. of patients	1.03 (1.02–1.03)
% of eligible patients for whom incentives billed
Q1 (reference)
Q2	3.14 (2.60–3.80)
Q3	14.25 (11.76–17.26)
Q4	42.38 (34.55–52.00)

Note: CI = confidence interval.

^*All variables were included in a single model.