Table 1.

Relationship between GHSI and COVID-19 measures.

COVID-19 metric	GHSI (continuous)	Incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval)
		GHSI quartile
		Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Tests per million people	1.01 (0.97-1.03), p=0.210	1.0 (ref)	2.22 (0.78-6.30), p=0.135	1.08 (0.47-2.47), p=0.858	1.88 (0.89-4.01), p=0.099
Cases per million people per day (unadjusted)	0.99 (0.96-1.04), p=0.858	1.0 (ref)	0.87 (0.22-3.45), p=0.842	0.46 (0.14-1.48), p=0.193	1.16 (0.37-3.67), p=0.798
Cases per million people per day (adjusted)^a	1.02 (1.01-1.03), p=0.011	1.0 (ref)	1.69 (0.76-3.71), p=0.195	1.46 (0.80-2.65), p=0.212	2.56 (1.49-4.55), p=0.001
Deaths per million people per day (unadjusted)	0.99 (0.91-1.07), p=0.728	1.0 (ref)	0.15 (0.03-0.74), p=0.020	0.22 (0.38-1.30), p=0.096	0.87 (0.19-3.90), p=0.854
Deaths per million people per day (adjusted)^a	1.05 (1.02-1.07), p<0.001	1.0 (ref)	1.09 (0.34-3.47), p=0.879	1.28 (0.43-3.86), p=0.655	3.56 (1.25-10.1), p=0.017

Adjusted for testing rate, age and sex; IRR=incidence rate ratio