Table 2. Soil bulk density (BD), soil water content (SWC), and soil pH for 0–500 cm soil depths in grazed grassland (G), restored grassland, and areas fenced off for 15 (F15) or 30 (F30) years.

Changes in BD, SWC and pH content with years fenced and soil depth (n = 3 sites for each mean value).

			Soil depth (cm)
			0–40	40–100	100–200	200–300	300–400	400–500
BD (g cm−3)	G	Mean	1.09aC	1.12aC	1.21aB	1.23aB	1.26aAB	1.28aA
		SEM	0.04	0.04	0.02aB	0.02	0.01	0.01
	F15	Mean	0.91bD	1.07bC	1.23bA	1.22aB	1.23bA	1.28aA
		SEM	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
	F30	Mean	0.95bE	0.99cD	1.67bA	1.23aC	1.24bB	1.26bB
		SEM	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
SWC (%)	G	Mean	12.34bA	10.53cAB	7.25bC	8.14bBC	9.67aBC	10.03aB
			SEM	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
		F15	Mean	14.91aA	14.94aA	8.73bB	9.37bBC	10.67aB	11.81aB
	SEM		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
	F 30	Mean	14.79aA	13.99bA	11.62aC	10.99aBC	10aC	9.85aC
		SEM	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
pH	G	Mean	8.62aB	8.83aB	8.92aA	9.2aA	9.18aA	8.97aA
		SEM	0.05	0.09	0.11	0.01	0.05	0.33
	F 15	Mean	8.04aB	8.71aA	8.84aA	8.85bA	8.85bA	8.59aA
		SEM	0.65	0.14	0.08	0.11	0.13	0.22
	F30	Mean	7.76bB	8.33bA	8.63bA	8.89bA	8.88bA	9.04aA
		SEM	0.18	0.07	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.04

Notes.

Different lowercase letters indicate significant (p < 0.05) differences between fencing times; different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between soil depths.