| Two‐stage meta‐analysis based on random‐effects Cox model | Including studies with different iron policies | Excluding studies with different iron policies |
| ESA versus control | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
| Chemotherapy | 1.09 (0.97‐1.23) | 1.11 (0.98‐1.26) |
| Radiochemotherapy | 1.47 (0.83‐2.59) | 4.13 (0.46‐36.94) |
| Radiotherapy | 1.51 (0.73‐3.12) | 1.48 (0.64‐3.45) |
| Mixed | 1.50 (0.62‐3.66) | 1.50 (0.62‐3.66) |
| None | 1.32 (1.06‐1.65) | 1.32 (1.06‐1.65) |
| Overall | 1.16 (1.05‐1.29) | 1.17 (1.05‐1.30) |
| LR test | 0.4234 | 0.3974 |
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