| Two‐stage meta‐analysis based on random‐effects Cox model | Including all studies | Including only studies designed for long‐term follow‐up |
| ESA versus control | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
| Chemotherapy | 1.04 (0.97‐1.11) | 1.06 (0.97‐1.15) |
| Radiochemotherapy | 0.98 (0.75‐1.27) | 1.02 (0.74‐1.41) |
| Radiotherapy | 1.17 (0.96‐1.42) | 1.17 (0.96‐1.42) |
| Mixed | 1.50 (0.62‐3.66) | ‐ |
| None | 1.22 (1.04‐1.44) | 1.22 (1.02‐1.47) |
| Overall | 1.06 (1.00‐1.12) | 1.07 (0.99‐1.15) |
| LR test | 0.11 | 0.1240 |
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