Table 2.
Factors associated with PrEP uptake among adult residents assessed to be at elevated HIV risk in 16 communities in rural Kenya and Uganda
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Female | 1·04 (0·86–1·24) | 0·70 | 0·88 (0·75–1·05) | 0·16 |
| Age, years | ||||
| 15–24 | 0·41 (0·34–0·49) | <0·0001 | 0·55 (0·45–0·68) | <0·0001 |
| 25–34 | 0·53 (0·45–0·63) | <0·0001 | 0·61 (0·52–0·72) | <0·0001 |
| 35–44 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| ≥45 | 0·94 (0·80–1·09) | 0·40 | 0·86 (0·73–1·00) | 0·052 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Married (monogamous) | 1·65 (1·36–1·99) | <0·0001 | 1·19 (0·96–1·48) | 0·11 |
| Married (polygamous) | 2·31 (2·02–2·63) | <0·0001 | 1·54 (1·29–1·84) | <0·0001 |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed | 2·05 (1·68–2·50) | <0·0001 | 1·59 (1·30–1·95) | <0·0001 |
| Serodifferent partnership | ||||
| No or unknown | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Yes | 2·57 (1·90–3·47) | <0·0001 | 2·02 (1·44–2·84) | 0·0005 |
| Occupation* | ||||
| Student or other formal sector occupation | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Fishing, bar, or transport | 1·25 (0·94–1·66) | 0·12 | 0·85 (0·60–1·20) | 0·34 |
| Farming or other informal sector occupation | 1·66 (1·37–2·00) | <0·0001 | 1·16 (0·91–1·48) | 0·23 |
| Unemployed, disabled, or other | 1·13 (0·91–1·41) | 0·27 | 0·98 (0·77–1·26) | 0·89 |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| Less than primary level | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Primary school level | 0·87 (0·69–1·11) | 0·27 | 1·07 (0·87–1·31) | 0·54 |
| Any secondary school level or higher | 0·68 (0·52–0·90) | 0·0078 | 1·04 (0·80–1·35) | 0·78 |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| None | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| At least 1 day per month | 1·04 (0·89–1·23) | 0·62 | 0·96 (0·81–1·13) | 0·59 |
| Mobility in the past 12 months† | ||||
| No | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Yes | 0·54 (0·37–0·79) | 0·0015 | 0·61 (0·41–0·91) | 0·016 |
Mixed effects logistic regression with community as random effect and variances adjusted for clustering at community level. Of 12 935 residents at elevated HIV risk, 12 850 were included in the analysis; 85 individuals (0·7%) were excluded because of missing data on covariates. PrEP=pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Other formal sector occupations are teaching, government, military, health care, and factory; other informal sector occupations are shopkeeper, market vendor, hotel worker, homemaker, household worker, miner, and construction.
Mobility is migration out of the community for at least 1 month or moved residence within the past 12 months.