Table 4.
Factors associated with self-reported adherence to PrEP among individuals who initiated PrEP and were seen at a week 24 follow-up visit in 16 communities in rural Kenya and Uganda
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Female | 1·07 (0·88–1·30) | 0·51 | 0·83 (0·63–1·09) | 0·17 |
| Age, years | ||||
| 15–24 | 0·37 (0·28–0·50) | <0·0001 | 0·59 (0·40–0·86) | 0·0067 |
| 25–34 | 0·67 (0·52–0·87) | 0·0030 | 0·86 (0·63–1·17) | 0·33 |
| 35–44 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| ≥45 | 0·87 (0·64–1·18) | 0·37 | 0·98 (0·68-1·41) | 0·90 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Married (monogamous) | 1·69 (1·26–2·27) | 0·0005 | 1·23 (0·81–1·88) | 0·33 |
| Married (polygamous) | 2·46 (1·76–3·45) | <0·0001 | 1·41 (0·87–2·28) | 0·17 |
| Divorced, separated, or widowed | 2·91 (1·80–4·72) | <0·0001 | 2·10 (1·12–3·95) | 0·021 |
| Serodifferent partnership | ||||
| No or unknown | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Yes | 2·76 (2·14–3·55) | <0·0001 | 1·64 (1·22–2·19) | 0·0009 |
| Occupation* | ||||
| Student or other formal sector occupation | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Fishing, bar, or transport | 1·69 (1·10–2·57) | 0·015 | 0·83 (0·47–1·47) | 0·52 |
| Farming or other informal sector occupation | 1·57 (1·09–2·28) | 0·016 | 0·88 (0·53–1·49) | 0·64 |
| Unemployed, disabled, or other | 2·01 (1·21–3·34) | 0·0071 | 1·52 (0·79–2·93) | 0·21 |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| Less than primary level | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Primary school level | 0·81 (0·52–1·27) | 0·36 | 0·87 (0·51–1·45) | 0·59 |
| Any secondary school level or higher | 0·60 (0·37–0·97) | 0·037 | 0·65 (0·36–1·16) | 0·14 |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| None | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| At least 1 day per month | 1·05 (0·77–1·43) | 0·77 | 0·81 (0·55–1·18) | 0·27 |
| Mobility in past 12 months† | ||||
| No | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Yes | 1·12 (0·61–2·04) | 0·71 | 1·12 (0·56–2·26) | 0·74 |
| Self-assessed current HIV risk | ||||
| No | 1 | .. | 1 | .. |
| Yes | 13·46 (10·30–17·59) | <0·0001 | 12·36 (9·39–16·28) | <0·0001 |
Mixed effects logistic regression with community as random effect and variances adjusted for clustering at community level. Of 3421 individuals who initiated PrEP who were alive and not withdrawn at week 24, 1912 attended a week 24 visit, of whom 1863 are included in this analysis. 49 participants (2·6%) had missing data on covariates and are excluded from this analysis. PrEP=pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Other formal sector occupations are teaching, government, military, health care, and factory; other informal sector occupations are shopkeeper, market vendor, hotel worker, homemaker, household worker, miner, and construction.
Mobility is migration out of the community for at least 1 month or moved residence within the past 12 months.