Figure 4.

Confocal microscopy of CT26 cells immediately after LIPUS treatment at 500 kHz, a focal pressure of 1.4 MPa and pulse duration (PD) of 0 ms (control), 1 ms and 30 ms. Reprinted from [16], with the permission of AIP Publishing. Dead cells stained red with fixable LIVE/DEAD, the actin cytoskeleton stained green using phalloidin and the nucleus stained blue with DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). Confocal images show the disrupted actin cytoskeleton ring and significantly decreased actin stain intensity. Microscopy suggests that LIPUS cytodisruption is coupled with persistent cytoskeletal disruption. (Online version in colour.)